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macOS Objective-C

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其他支持HackTricks的方式：

Objective-C

请注意，使用Objective-C编写的程序在编译为Mach-O二进制文件时保留其类声明。这些类声明包括以下内容的名称和类型：

  • 类

  • 类方法

  • 类实例变量

您可以使用class-dump获取这些信息：

class-dump Kindle.app

类、方法和对象

接口、属性和方法

// Declare the interface of the class
@interface MyVehicle : NSObject

// Declare the properties
@property NSString *vehicleType;
@property int numberOfWheels;

// Declare the methods
- (void)startEngine;
- (void)addWheels:(int)value;

@end

类

@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject

// No need to indicate the properties, only define methods

- (void)startEngine {
NSLog(@"Engine started");
}

- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
self.numberOfWheels += value;
}

@end

对象和调用方法

要创建一个类的实例，需要调用**alloc方法，该方法会为每个属性分配内存并将这些分配清零**。然后调用**init方法，该方法会将属性初始化为所需的值**。

// Something like this:
MyVehicle *newVehicle = [[MyVehicle alloc] init];

// Which is usually expressed as:
MyVehicle *newVehicle = [MyVehicle new];

// To call a method
// [myClassInstance nameOfTheMethodFirstParam:param1 secondParam:param2]
[newVehicle addWheels:4];

类方法

类方法使用加号（+）而不是实例方法中使用的连字符（-）来定义。就像NSString类方法**stringWithString**一样：

+ (id)stringWithString:(NSString *)aString;

设置器 & 获取器

要设置和获取属性，可以使用点符号表示法或者像调用方法一样进行操作：

// Set
newVehicle.numberOfWheels = 2;
[newVehicle setNumberOfWheels:3];

// Get
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", newVehicle.numberOfWheels);
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", [newVehicle numberOfWheels]);

实例变量

与setter和getter方法相反，您可以使用实例变量。这些变量与属性具有相同的名称，但以“_”开头：

- (void)makeLongTruck {
_numberOfWheels = +10000;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfLeaves);
}

协议

协议是一组方法声明（不包括属性）。实现协议的类会实现声明的方法。

有两种类型的方法：必需和可选。默认情况下，方法是必需的（但也可以用**@required标签来指示）。要指示方法是可选的，请使用@optional**。

@protocol myNewProtocol
- (void) method1; //mandatory
@required
- (void) method2; //mandatory
@optional
- (void) method3; //optional
@end

一切就绪

// gcc -framework Foundation test_obj.m -o test_obj
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@protocol myVehicleProtocol
- (void) startEngine; //mandatory
@required
- (void) addWheels:(int)value; //mandatory
@optional
- (void) makeLongTruck; //optional
@end

@interface MyVehicle : NSObject <myVehicleProtocol>

@property int numberOfWheels;

- (void)startEngine;
- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
- (void)makeLongTruck;

@end

@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject

- (void)startEngine {
NSLog(@"Engine started");
}

- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
self.numberOfWheels += value;
}

- (void)makeLongTruck {
_numberOfWheels = +10000;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfWheels);
}

@end

int main() {
MyVehicle* mySuperCar = [MyVehicle new];
[mySuperCar startEngine];
mySuperCar.numberOfWheels = 4;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
[mySuperCar setNumberOfWheels:3];
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
[mySuperCar makeLongTruck];
}

基本类

字符串

// NSString
NSString *bookTitle = @"The Catcher in the Rye";
NSString *bookAuthor = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:"J.D. Salinger" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString *bookPublicationYear = [NSString stringWithCString:"1951" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

基本类是不可变的，因此要将字符串附加到现有字符串，需要创建一个新的 NSString。

NSString *bookDescription = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ by %@ was published in %@", bookTitle, bookAuthor, bookPublicationYear];

或者您也可以使用一个可变字符串类：

NSMutableString *mutableString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"The book "];
[mutableString appendString:bookTitle];
[mutableString appendString:@" was written by "];
[mutableString appendString:bookAuthor];
[mutableString appendString:@" and published in "];
[mutableString appendString:bookPublicationYear];

数字

// character literals.
NSNumber *theLetterZ = @'Z'; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithChar:'Z']

// integral literals.
NSNumber *fortyTwo = @42; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithInt:42]
NSNumber *fortyTwoUnsigned = @42U; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:42U]
NSNumber *fortyTwoLong = @42L; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLong:42L]
NSNumber *fortyTwoLongLong = @42LL; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:42LL]

// floating point literals.
NSNumber *piFloat = @3.141592654F; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithFloat:3.141592654F]
NSNumber *piDouble = @3.1415926535; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithDouble:3.1415926535]

// BOOL literals.
NSNumber *yesNumber = @YES; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]
NSNumber *noNumber = @NO; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO]
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