Usanidi wa papo hapo wa upimaji wa hatari na udukuzi. Tekeleza pentest kamili kutoka mahali popote na zana na vipengele zaidi ya 20 vinavyoanzia upelelezi hadi ripoti. Hatuchukui nafasi ya wapima usalama - tunatengeneza zana za desturi, moduli za ugunduzi na uchexploitation ili kuwarudishia muda wa kuchimba kwa kina, kuzindua shell, na kufurahi.
Mfumo wa Jina la Kikoa (DNS) hutumika kama daftari la mtandao, kuruhusu watumiaji kupata tovuti kupitia majina rahisi kukumbuka ya kikoa kama google.com au facebook.com, badala ya anwani za Itifaki ya Mtandao (IP) za nambari. Kwa kutafsiri majina ya kikoa kuwa anwani za IP, DNS inahakikisha vivinjari vya wavuti vinaweza kupakia rasilimali za mtandao haraka, ikisimplifisha jinsi tunavyonaviga ulimwengu wa mtandaoni.
Bandari ya chaguo: 53
PORT STATE SERVICE REASON
53/tcp open domain Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 (1DB15D39) (Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1)
5353/udp open zeroconf udp-response
53/udp open domain Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 (1DB15D39) (Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1)
Seva tofauti za DNS
Seva za Mzizi wa DNS: Hizi ziko juu kabisa mwa mfuatano wa DNS, zikisimamia uwanja wa juu kabisa na kuingilia kati tu ikiwa seva za ngazi ya chini hazijajibu. Shirika la Mtandao kwa Majina na Nambari (ICANN) linaangalia uendeshaji wao, na idadi ya kimataifa ni 13.
Seva za Mamlaka za Jina: Seva hizi ndizo zinaamua kwa maswali katika maeneo yao yaliyotengwa, zikitoa majibu ya mwisho. Ikiwa hawawezi kutoa jibu, swali linapelekwa kwa seva za mzizi.
Seva za Jina Sio za Mamlaka: Zisizo na umiliki juu ya maeneo ya DNS, seva hizi hukusanya habari za kikoa kupitia maswali kwa seva nyingine.
Seva ya Kuficha ya DNS: Aina hii ya seva inakumbuka majibu ya maswali ya awali kwa muda uliowekwa ili kuharakisha majibu kwa maombi ya baadaye, na muda wa kuficha unadhibitiwa na seva ya mamlaka.
Seva ya Kusonga Mbele: Ikiwa na jukumu la moja kwa moja, seva za kusonga mbele hupitisha tu maswali kwa seva nyingine.
Mtatuzi: Imeunganishwa ndani ya kompyuta au rutuba, watauzi hutekeleza ufumbuzi wa jina kwa kiasili na hawachukuliwi kuwa wenye mamlaka.
Uorodheshaji
Kukamata Bango
Hakuna mabango katika DNS lakini unaweza kukamata swali la kichawi kwa version.bind. CHAOS TXT ambalo litafanya kazi kwa seva nyingi za BIND.
Unaweza kutekeleza swali hili kwa kutumia dig:
digversion.bindCHAOSTXT@DNS
Zaidi ya hayo, zana fpdns inaweza pia kutambua alama ya seva.
Pia ni rahisi kunasa bango pia na script ya nmap:
--script dns-nsid
Rekodi yoyote
Rekodi ya ANY itaomba seva ya DNS kutoa masharti yote yanayopatikana ambayo iko tayari kufichua.
diganyvictim.com@<DNS_IP>
Uhamisho wa Eneo
Mchakato huu umepunguzwa kuwa Uhamisho Kamili wa Eneo la Asynchronous (AXFR).
digaxfr@<DNS_IP>#Try zone transfer without domaindigaxfr@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#Try zone transfer guessing the domainfierce --domain <DOMAIN> --dns-servers <DNS_IP> #Will try toperform a zone transfer against every authoritative name server and if this doesn'twork, will launch a dictionary attack
Taarifa zaidi
digANY@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#Any informationdigA@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#Regular DNS requestdigAAAA@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#IPv6 DNS requestdigTXT@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#InformationdigMX@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#Emails relateddigNS@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#DNS that resolves that namedig-x192.168.0.2@<DNS_IP>#Reverse lookupdig-x2a00:1450:400c:c06::93@<DNS_IP>#reverse IPv6 lookup#Use [-p PORT] or -6 (to use ivp6 address of dns)
Kiotomatiki
for sub in $(cat <WORDLIST>);do dig $sub.<DOMAIN> @<DNS_IP> | grep -v ';\|SOA' | sed -r '/^\s*$/d' | grep $sub | tee -a subdomains.txt;done
dnsenum--dnsserver<DNS_IP>--enum-p0-s0-osubdomains.txt-f<WORDLIST><DOMAIN>
Kutumia nslookup
nslookup> SERVER <IP_DNS>#Select dns server> 127.0.0.1 #Reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1, maybe...><IP_MACHINE>#Reverse lookup of a machine, maybe...
#Perform enumeration actionsnmap-n--script"(default and *dns*) or fcrdns or dns-srv-enum or dns-random-txid or dns-random-srcport"<IP>
DNS - Reverse BF
dnsrecon-r127.0.0.0/24-n<IP_DNS>#DNS reverse of all of the addressesdnsrecon-r127.0.1.0/24-n<IP_DNS>#DNS reverse of all of the addressesdnsrecon-r<IP_DNS>/24-n<IP_DNS>#DNS reverse of all of the addressesdnsrecon-dactive.htb-a-n<IP_DNS>#Zone transfer
Ikiwa unaweza kupata subdomains zinazotatuliwa kwa anwani za IP za ndani, unapaswa kujaribu kutekeleza reverse dns BF kwa NSs ya kikoa ukiuliza kwa safu hiyo ya IP.
#Query paypal subdomains to ns3.isc-sns.infonmap-sSU-p53--scriptdns-nsec-enum--script-argsdns-nsec-enum.domains=paypal.comns3.isc-sns.info
IPv6
Kujaribu nguvu kutumia maombi ya "AAAA" kukusanya IPv6 ya subdomains.
dnsdict6-s-t<domain>
Kufanya nguvu ya bruteforce kwenye DNS ya nyuma kutumia anwani za IPv6
dnsrevenum6pri.authdns.ripe.net2001:67c:2e8::/48#Will use the dns pri.authdns.ripe.net
DNS Recursion DDoS
Ikiwa kurudishiwa DNS imewezeshwa, mkaidi anaweza kughushi asili kwenye pakiti ya UDP ili kufanya DNS itume jibu kwa seva ya mwathiriwa. Mkaidi anaweza kutumia ANY au aina za rekodi za DNSSEC kwani zina majibu makubwa zaidi.
Njia ya kuangalia ikiwa DNS inaunga mkono kurudishiwa ni kuuliza jina la kikoa na kuangalia ikiwa bendera "ra" (kurudishiwa inapatikana) iko kwenye jibu:
diggoogle.comA@<IP>
Hapatikani:
Inapatikana:
Usanidi wa haraka wa kupima hatari na upenyezaji wa mtihani. Tekeleza upenyezaji kamili kutoka mahali popote na zana na vipengele zaidi ya 20 vinavyoanzia uchunguzi hadi ripoti. Hatuchukui nafasi ya wapenyezaji - tuna
The original message headers were modified for anonymity and now present randomized data:Generating server: server.example.comuser@example.com#550 5.1.1 RESOLVER.ADR.RecipNotFound; not found ##Original message headers:Received: from MAILSERVER01.domain.example.com (192.168.1.1) bymailserver02.domain.example.com (192.168.2.2) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS)id 14.3.174.1; Mon, 25 May 2015 14:52:22 -0700Received: from filter.example.com (203.0.113.1) byMAILSERVER01.domain.example.com (192.168.1.1) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS)id 14.3.174.1; Mon, 25 May 2015 14:51:22 -0700X-ASG-Debug-ID: 1432576343-0614671716190e0d0001-zOQ9WJReceived: from gateway.domainhost.com (gateway.domainhost.com [198.51.100.37]) byfilter.example.com with ESMTP id xVNPkwaqGgdyH5Ag for user@example.com; Mon,25 May 2015 14:52:13 -0700 (PDT)X-Envelope-From: sender@anotherdomain.orgX-Apparent-Source-IP: 198.51.100.37
Kitabu: Uthibitishaji wa Usalama wa Mtandao toleo la 3
Protocol_Name: DNS #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number: 53 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Domain Name Service #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for DNS
Note: |
#These are the commands I run every time I see an open DNS port
dnsrecon -r 127.0.0.0/24 -n {IP} -d {Domain_Name}
dnsrecon -r 127.0.1.0/24 -n {IP} -d {Domain_Name}
dnsrecon -r {Network}{CIDR} -n {IP} -d {Domain_Name}
dig axfr @{IP}
dig axfr {Domain_Name} @{IP}
nslookup
SERVER {IP}
127.0.0.1
{IP}
Domain_Name
exit
https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-dns
Entry_2:
Name: Banner Grab
Description: Grab DNS Banner
Command: dig version.bind CHAOS TXT @DNS
Entry_3:
Name: Nmap Vuln Scan
Description: Scan for Vulnerabilities with Nmap
Command: nmap -n --script "(default and *dns*) or fcrdns or dns-srv-enum or dns-random-txid or dns-random-srcport" {IP}
Entry_4:
Name: Zone Transfer
Description: Three attempts at forcing a zone transfer
Command: dig axfr @{IP} && dix axfr @{IP} {Domain_Name} && fierce --dns-servers {IP} --domain {Domain_Name}
Entry_5:
Name: Active Directory
Description: Eunuerate a DC via DNS
Command: dig -t _gc._{Domain_Name} && dig -t _ldap._{Domain_Name} && dig -t _kerberos._{Domain_Name} && dig -t _kpasswd._{Domain_Name} && nmap --script dns-srv-enum --script-args "dns-srv-enum.domain={Domain_Name}"
Entry_6:
Name: consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: DNS enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/dns/dns_amp; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 53; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/gather/enum_dns; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 53; run; exit'
Mipangilio inapatikana mara moja kwa tathmini ya udhaifu & upenyezaji. Tekeleza pentest kamili kutoka popote ukiwa na zana na vipengele zaidi ya 20 vinavyoanzia uchunguzi hadi ripoti. Hatuchukui nafasi ya wapimaji wa pentest - tuna
