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SigDigger
SigDigger ni mchanganuzi wa ishara za dijitali bure kwa GNU/Linux na macOS, iliyoundwa kutoa taarifa za ishara za redio zisizojulikana. Inasaidia vifaa mbalimbali vya SDR kupitia SoapySDR, na inaruhusu demodulation inayoweza kubadilishwa ya ishara za FSK, PSK na ASK, kufungua video za analojia, kuchambua ishara zenye mzunguko na kusikiliza vituo vya sauti vya analojia (yote kwa wakati halisi).
Mipangilio ya Msingi
Baada ya kufunga kuna mambo machache ambayo unaweza kufikiria kuyapanga. Katika mipangilio (kitufe cha pili) unaweza kuchagua kifaa cha SDR au chagua faili kusoma na ni frequency ipi ya kusawazisha na kiwango cha Sampuli (inapendekezwa hadi 2.56Msps ikiwa PC yako inasaidia)\
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-aa339e29a172dbb21029cd36f111963ad9605ecd%252Fimage%2520%28245%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=eda45f8b&sv=1)
Katika tabia ya GUI inapendekezwa kuwezesha mambo machache ikiwa PC yako inasaidia:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-da57d4c62d4c378a4fdc9de2fd01eb3b54090f24%252Fimage%2520%28472%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=1215e2d7&sv=1)
Ikiwa unagundua kuwa PC yako haikamata mambo jaribu kuzima OpenGL na kupunguza kiwango cha sampuli.
Matumizi
Ili kukamata muda wa ishara na kuichambua tu shikilia kitufe "Push to capture" kwa muda wote unahitaji.
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-226538de28ea6d44b1646d0bbe2b672b32238b1f%252Fimage%2520%28960%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=b6921584&sv=1)
Tuner ya SigDigger husaidia kukamata ishara bora (lakini inaweza pia kuziharibu). Kwa kawaida anza na 0 na endelea kuifanya iwe kubwa zaidi hadi upate kelele inayotambulika kuwa kubwa kuliko kuboresha ishara unayohitaji).
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-583862bdd5476824765065e8c52390ac292c7a9a%252Fimage%2520%281099%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=69ce3917&sv=1)
Kusawazisha na kituo cha redio
Pamoja na SigDigger sawazisha na kituo unachotaka kusikia, pangilia chaguo la "Baseband audio preview", pangilia upana wa bendi ili kupata taarifa zote zinazotumwa na kisha weka Tuner kwenye kiwango kabla ya kelele kuanza kuongezeka:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-91fffc95c17891353bb96de32d5293aa1f152d8d%252Fimage%2520%28585%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=3948e876&sv=1)
Mbinu za Kuvutia
Wakati kifaa kinatuma mizunguko ya taarifa, kwa kawaida sehemu ya kwanza itakuwa preamble hivyo huna haja ya kuhofia ikiwa hupati taarifa hapo au ikiwa kuna makosa.
Katika fremu za taarifa kwa kawaida unapaswa kupata fremu tofauti zikiwa zimepangwa vizuri kati yao:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-f7cf31b66c9bb5041882983f38b8b8e2fd3e238f%252Fimage%2520%281076%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=e4509217&sv=1)
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-41d3f2694208abf8c0893b8e03c3b6265e905589%252Fimage%2520%28597%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=6bf58914&sv=1)
Baada ya kurejesha bits unaweza kuhitaji kuzichakata kwa njia fulani. Kwa mfano, katika codification ya Manchester up+down itakuwa 1 au 0 na down+up itakuwa nyingine. Hivyo, jozi za 1s na 0s (ups na downs) zitakuwa 1 halisi au 0 halisi.
Hata kama ishara inatumia codification ya Manchester (haiwezekani kupata zaidi ya 0s au 1s mbili mfululizo), unaweza kupata 1s au 0s kadhaa pamoja katika preamble!
Kufichua aina ya moduli kwa IQ
Kuna njia 3 za kuhifadhi taarifa katika ishara: Kurekebisha amplitude, frequency au phase. Ikiwa unachunguza ishara kuna njia tofauti za kujaribu kubaini kinachotumika kuhifadhi taarifa (pata njia zaidi hapa chini) lakini njia nzuri ni kuangalia grafu ya IQ.
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-8e83a1efa6272142729623ffcb9576acecad22e4%252Fimage%2520%28788%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=8e33d772&sv=1)
Kugundua AM: Ikiwa katika grafu ya IQ inaonekana kwa mfano duka 2 (labda moja katika 0 na nyingine katika amplitude tofauti), inaweza kumaanisha kuwa hii ni ishara ya AM. Hii ni kwa sababu katika grafu ya IQ umbali kati ya 0 na duka ni amplitude ya ishara, hivyo ni rahisi kuona amplitudes tofauti zinazo tumika.
Kugundua PM: Kama katika picha ya awali, ikiwa unapata duara ndogo zisizohusiana kati yao inaweza kumaanisha kuwa moduli ya awamu inatumika. Hii ni kwa sababu katika grafu ya IQ, pembe kati ya nukta na 0,0 ni awamu ya ishara, hivyo inamaanisha kuwa awamu 4 tofauti zinatumika.
Kumbuka kwamba ikiwa taarifa imefichwa katika ukweli kwamba awamu inabadilishwa na sio katika awamu yenyewe, huwezi kuona awamu tofauti zikiwa zimejulikana wazi.
Kugundua FM: IQ haina uwanja wa kutambua frequencies (umbali hadi katikati ni amplitude na pembe ni awamu). Kwa hiyo, ili kutambua FM, unapaswa kuona kimsingi duara tu katika grafu hii. Zaidi ya hayo, frequency tofauti "inawakilishwa" na grafu ya IQ kwa kuongezeka kwa kasi katika duara (hivyo katika SysDigger kuchagua ishara grafu ya IQ inajazwa, ikiwa unapata kuongezeka au mabadiliko ya mwelekeo katika duara iliyoundwa inaweza kumaanisha kuwa hii ni FM):
Mfano wa AM
Kufichua AM
Kuangalia envelope
Kuangalia taarifa za AM na SigDigger na kuangalia tu envelop unaweza kuona viwango tofauti vya amplitude. Ishara inayotumika inatuma pulses zenye taarifa katika AM, hii ndiyo jinsi pulse moja inavyoonekana:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-35d9fa996a39b55ae80bf59976487544582f368e%252Fimage%2520%28590%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=baa81380&sv=1)
Na hii ndiyo jinsi sehemu ya alama inavyoonekana na waveform:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-137365415bfe4558b52936587fe82fbc96f3d317%252Fimage%2520%28734%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=1a5d1dca&sv=1)
Kuangalia Histogram
Unaweza kuchagua ishara nzima ambapo taarifa inapatikana, chagua Amplitude mode na Selection na bonyeza Histogram. Unaweza kuona kuwa viwango 2 wazi vinapatikana tu
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-103ffa0773503288389fb01597b647c62999eb43%252Fimage%2520%28264%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=8b90c54b&sv=1)
Kwa mfano, ikiwa unachagua Frequency badala ya Amplitude katika ishara hii ya AM unapata frequency 1 tu (hakuna njia taarifa iliyorekebishwa katika frequency inatumia frequency 1 tu).
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-ee45f10043ebe0bb9fe07f3d894a9a8b262e4f78%252Fimage%2520%28732%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=8005d3af&sv=1)
Ikiwa unapata frequencies nyingi huenda hii isiwe FM, labda frequency ya ishara ilibadilishwa tu kwa sababu ya channel.
Pamoja na IQ
Katika mfano huu unaweza kuona jinsi kuna duara kubwa lakini pia pointi nyingi katikati.
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-bf397199adff334fe6d61ede284759ac64b7e7f4%252Fimage%2520%28222%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=d186c6cb&sv=1)
Pata Kiwango cha Alama
Kwa alama moja
Chagua alama ndogo zaidi unayoweza kupata (hivyo unahakikisha ni 1 tu) na angalia "Selection freq". Katika kesi hii itakuwa 1.013kHz (hivyo 1kHz).
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-c11d080e2a9265d6bda51375991b29fd0dfddc97%252Fimage%2520%2878%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=1c7bfbb1&sv=1)
Kwa kundi la alama
Unaweza pia kuashiria idadi ya alama unazopanga kuchagua na SigDigger itahesabu frequency ya alama 1 (alama zaidi zilizochaguliwa bora zaidi). Katika hali hii nilichagua alama 10 na "Selection freq" ni 1.004 Khz:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-b08245a6ac4a4ffa58afb52eff7512e93fe8d33e%252Fimage%2520%281008%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=ae1774eb&sv=1)
Pata Bits
Baada ya kugundua kuwa hii ni ishara ya AM modulated na kasi ya alama (na kujua kuwa katika kesi hii kitu chochote kilichoinuka kinamaanisha 1 na kitu chochote kilichoshuka kinamaanisha 0), ni rahisi sana kupata bits zilizowekwa katika ishara. Hivyo, chagua ishara yenye taarifa na pangilia sampuli na uamuzi na bonyeza sampuli (hakikisha kuwa Amplitude imechaguliwa, kasi iliyogunduliwa ya Symbol rate imepangiliwa na Gadner clock recovery imechaguliwa):
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-2528d1e23b1af138208d7d7c0d4b3b6e0c945aa5%252Fimage%2520%28965%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=317e1ed5&sv=1)
Sync to selection intervals inamaanisha kuwa ikiwa hapo awali umechagua vipindi ili kupata kasi ya alama, kasi hiyo ya alama itatumika.
Manual inamaanisha kuwa kasi ya alama iliyotajwa itatumika
Katika Fixed interval selection unaashiria idadi ya vipindi vinavyopaswa kuchaguliwa na inahesabu kasi ya alama kutoka kwake
Gadner clock recovery kwa kawaida ndiyo chaguo bora, lakini bado unahitaji kuashiria baadhi ya kasi ya alama ya takriban.
Bonyeza sampuli hii inatokea:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-6a984728d2ccb0d3331dd46e8f2e2cd939758178%252Fimage%2520%28644%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=332252cf&sv=1)
Sasa, ili kufanya SigDigger kuelewa wapi kuna kiwango cha kiwango kinachobeba taarifa unahitaji kubonyeza kwenye kiwango cha chini na kudumisha kubonyeza hadi kiwango kikubwa zaidi:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-f0301c0f92d85529b3a876e0caa7405810841dae%252Fimage%2520%28439%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=a30aa104&sv=1)
Kama ingekuwa kwa mfano viwango 4 tofauti vya amplitude, unapaswa kuhitaji kupangilia Bits per symbol kuwa 2 na kuchagua kutoka ndogo hadi kubwa zaidi.
Hatimaye kuongeza Zoom na kubadilisha Ukubwa wa Safu unaweza kuona bits (na unaweza kuchagua yote na nakala ili kupata bits zote):
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-593cd074f20340926db2ecfc1bc416c3ea90796a%252Fimage%2520%28276%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=c3a418&sv=1)
Ikiwa ishara ina zaidi ya 1 bit kwa alama (kwa mfano 2), SigDigger haina njia ya kujua ni alama gani 00, 01, 10, 11, hivyo itatumia mifumo tofauti ya kijivu kuwakilisha kila moja (na ikiwa unakopa bits itatumia nambari kutoka 0 hadi 3, utahitaji kuzitibu).
Pia, tumia codifications kama Manchester, na up+down inaweza kuwa 1 au 0 na down+up inaweza kuwa 1 au 0. Katika hali hizo unahitaji kuzitibu ups zilizopatikana (1) na downs (0) ili kubadilisha jozi za 01 au 10 kama 0s au 1s.
Mfano wa FM
Kufichua FM
Kuangalia frequencies na waveform
Mfano wa ishara inayotuma taarifa iliyorekebishwa katika FM:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-c8ca928ff4e27f3803192a29f2afe38f7f27069e%252Fimage%2520%28725%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=67ea4771&sv=1)
Katika picha ya awali unaweza kuona vizuri kuwa frequencies 2 zinatumika lakini ikiwa unachunguza waveform huenda usiweze kutambua kwa usahihi frequencies 2 tofauti:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-242f88bad4667965b03138be143a232bc6dde1f4%252Fimage%2520%28717%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=5303eb04&sv=1)
Hii ni kwa sababu nilikamata ishara katika frequencies zote mbili, hivyo moja ni karibu na nyingine kwa upande hasi:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-d979f9cf72844ab6de454b2bd88795edd79f492d%252Fimage%2520%28942%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=c99eca05&sv=1)
Ikiwa frequency iliyosawazishwa iko karibu na frequency moja kuliko nyingine unaweza kwa urahisi kuona frequencies 2 tofauti:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-ebba66d4fa204583a95a0864101fc8d50b3d2baa%252Fimage%2520%28422%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=7de87776&sv=1)
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-a0f7f6ca1d4d6af5cf28d4cbf4c2159ebcdfd7c2%252Fimage%2520%28488%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=2455c84b&sv=1)
Kuangalia histogram
Kuangalia histogram ya frequency ya ishara yenye taarifa unaweza kwa urahisi kuona ishara 2 tofauti:
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-5e89167c3583525324ca994248b80614a22f761b%252Fimage%2520%28871%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=79577f6e&sv=1)
Katika kesi hii ikiwa unachunguza Amplitude histogram utapata amplitude moja tu, hivyo haiwezi kuwa AM (ikiwa unapata amplitudes nyingi huenda ni kwa sababu ishara imekuwa ikipoteza nguvu katika channel):
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-9393335f01a71d3308ed13aeaf03455de7328f66%252Fimage%2520%28817%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=251e56cd&sv=1)
Na hii itakuwa histogram ya awamu (ambayo inaonyesha wazi kuwa ishara haijarekebishwa katika awamu):
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-ca3f3bb95dd90f0c3ac044ff4896501b5f02a85b%252Fimage%2520%28996%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=3a9ebced&sv=1)
Pamoja na IQ
IQ haina uwanja wa kutambua frequencies (umbali hadi katikati ni amplitude na pembe ni awamu). Kwa hiyo, ili kutambua FM, unapaswa kuona kimsingi duara tu katika grafu hii. Zaidi ya hayo, frequency tofauti "inawakilishwa" na grafu ya IQ kwa kuongezeka kwa kasi katika duara (hivyo katika SysDigger kuchagua ishara grafu ya IQ inajazwa, ikiwa unapata kuongezeka au mabadiliko ya mwelekeo katika duara iliyoundwa inaweza kumaanisha kuwa hii ni FM):
![](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F3018635170-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FCtGnfY5n0YCGcWtBkgwe%252Fuploads%252Fgit-blob-3cc6275632fb911872d5c59a1ffa2086e753de8c%252Fimage%2520%2881%29.png%3Falt%3Dmedia&width=768&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=8d3972aa&sv=1)
Pata Kiwango cha Alama
Unaweza kutumia mbinu ile ile iliyotumika katika mfano wa AM kupata kiwango cha alama mara tu unapopata frequencies zinazobeba alama.
Pata Bits
Unaweza kutumia mbinu ile ile iliyotumika katika mfano wa AM kupata bits mara tu umepata ishara imejarekebishwa katika frequency na kasi ya alama.
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