// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/a07e000e82cb71238259e674529c37c12dc7d423/malloc/arena.c#L837typedefstruct _heap_info{mstate ar_ptr; /* Arena for this heap. */struct _heap_info *prev; /* Previous heap. */size_t size; /* Current size in bytes. */size_t mprotect_size; /* Size in bytes that has been mprotectedPROT_READ|PROT_WRITE. */size_t pagesize; /* Page size used when allocating the arena. *//* Make sure the following data is properly aligned, particularlythat sizeof (heap_info) + 2 * SIZE_SZ is a multiple ofMALLOC_ALIGNMENT. */char pad[-3* SIZE_SZ & MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK];} heap_info;
* `mchunkptr bins[NBINS * 2 - 2];` 包含指向**小型、大型和未排序的** **bins**的**第一个和最后一个块**的**指针**(-2是因为索引0未使用)
* 因此,这些bins的**第一个块**将有一个**指向该结构的反向指针**,而这些bins的**最后一个块**将有一个**指向该结构的前向指针**。这基本上意味着,如果你能**泄漏主区域中的这些地址**,你将获得指向**libc**中结构的指针。
* 结构`struct malloc_state *next;`和`struct malloc_state *next_free;`是区域的链表
* `top`块是最后一个“块”,基本上是**所有堆剩余空间**。一旦顶块“空”,堆就完全使用,需要请求更多空间。
* `last reminder`块来自于没有可用的精确大小块的情况,因此一个更大的块被拆分,指向剩余部分的指针放置在这里。
```c
// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/a07e000e82cb71238259e674529c37c12dc7d423/malloc/malloc.c#L1812
struct malloc_state
{
/* Serialize access. */
__libc_lock_define (, mutex);
/* Flags (formerly in max_fast). */
int flags;
/* Set if the fastbin chunks contain recently inserted free blocks. */
/* Note this is a bool but not all targets support atomics on booleans. */
int have_fastchunks;
/* Fastbins */
mfastbinptr fastbinsY[NFASTBINS];
/* Base of the topmost chunk -- not otherwise kept in a bin */
mchunkptr top;
/* The remainder from the most recent split of a small request */
mchunkptr last_remainder;
/* Normal bins packed as described above */
mchunkptr bins[NBINS * 2 - 2];
/* Bitmap of bins */
unsigned int binmap[BINMAPSIZE];
/* Linked list */
struct malloc_state *next;
/* Linked list for free arenas. Access to this field is serialized
by free_list_lock in arena.c. */
struct malloc_state *next_free;
/* Number of threads attached to this arena. 0 if the arena is on
the free list. Access to this field is serialized by
free_list_lock in arena.c. */
INTERNAL_SIZE_T attached_threads;
/* Memory allocated from the system in this arena. */
INTERNAL_SIZE_T system_mem;
INTERNAL_SIZE_T max_system_mem;
};
malloc_chunk
这个结构表示一块特定的内存。不同字段对已分配和未分配的块有不同的含义。
// https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/master/malloc/malloc.cstruct malloc_chunk {INTERNAL_SIZE_T mchunk_prev_size; /* Size of previous chunk, if it is free. */INTERNAL_SIZE_T mchunk_size; /* Size in bytes, including overhead. */struct malloc_chunk* fd; /* double links -- used only if this chunk is free. */struct malloc_chunk* bk;/* Only used for large blocks: pointer to next larger size. */struct malloc_chunk* fd_nextsize; /* double links -- used only if this chunk is free. */struct malloc_chunk* bk_nextsize;};typedefstruct malloc_chunk* mchunkptr;
// https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/master/malloc/malloc.c/* Convert a chunk address to a user mem pointer without correcting the tag. */#definechunk2mem(p) ((void*)((char*)(p) + CHUNK_HDR_SZ))/* Convert a user mem pointer to a chunk address and extract the right tag. */#definemem2chunk(mem) ((mchunkptr)tag_at (((char*)(mem) - CHUNK_HDR_SZ)))/* The smallest possible chunk */#defineMIN_CHUNK_SIZE (offsetof(struct malloc_chunk, fd_nextsize))/* The smallest size we can malloc is an aligned minimal chunk */#defineMINSIZE \(unsignedlong)(((MIN_CHUNK_SIZE+MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK) &~MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK))
对齐与最小大小
指向块的指针和 0x0f 必须为 0。
// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/a07e000e82cb71238259e674529c37c12dc7d423/sysdeps/generic/malloc-size.h#L61#defineMALLOC_ALIGN_MASK (MALLOC_ALIGNMENT -1)// https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/a07e000e82cb71238259e674529c37c12dc7d423/sysdeps/i386/malloc-alignment.h#defineMALLOC_ALIGNMENT16// https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/master/malloc/malloc.c/* Check if m has acceptable alignment */#definealigned_OK(m) (((unsignedlong)(m) & MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK) ==0)#definemisaligned_chunk(p) \((uintptr_t)(MALLOC_ALIGNMENT == CHUNK_HDR_SZ ? (p) :chunk2mem (p)) \& MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK)/* pad request bytes into a usable size -- internal version *//* Note: This must be a macro that evaluates to a compile time constantif passed a literal constant. */#definerequest2size(req) \(((req) + SIZE_SZ + MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK < MINSIZE) ? \MINSIZE : \((req) + SIZE_SZ + MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK) &~MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK)/* Check if REQ overflows when padded and aligned and if the resultingvalue is less than PTRDIFF_T. Returns the requested size orMINSIZE in case the value is less than MINSIZE, or 0 if any of theprevious checks fail. */staticinlinesize_tchecked_request2size (size_t req) __nonnull (1){if (__glibc_unlikely (req > PTRDIFF_MAX))return0;/* When using tagged memory, we cannot share the end of the userblock with the header for the next chunk, so ensure that weallocate blocks that are rounded up to the granule size. Takecare not to overflow from close to MAX_SIZE_T to a smallnumber. Ideally, this would be part of request2size(), but thatmust be a macro that produces a compile time constant if passeda constant literal. */if (__glibc_unlikely (mtag_enabled)){/* Ensure this is not evaluated if !mtag_enabled, see gcc PR 99551. */asm ("");req = (req + (__MTAG_GRANULE_SIZE -1)) &~(size_t)(__MTAG_GRANULE_SIZE -1);}returnrequest2size (req);}
// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/master/malloc/malloc.c/* size field is or'ed with PREV_INUSE when previous adjacent chunk in use */#definePREV_INUSE0x1/* extract inuse bit of previous chunk */#defineprev_inuse(p) ((p)->mchunk_size & PREV_INUSE)/* size field is or'ed with IS_MMAPPED if the chunk was obtained with mmap() */#defineIS_MMAPPED0x2/* check for mmap()'ed chunk */#definechunk_is_mmapped(p) ((p)->mchunk_size & IS_MMAPPED)/* size field is or'ed with NON_MAIN_ARENA if the chunk was obtainedfrom a non-main arena. This is only set immediately before handingthe chunk to the user, if necessary. */#defineNON_MAIN_ARENA0x4/* Check for chunk from main arena. */#definechunk_main_arena(p) (((p)->mchunk_size & NON_MAIN_ARENA) ==0)/* Mark a chunk as not being on the main arena. */#defineset_non_main_arena(p) ((p)->mchunk_size |= NON_MAIN_ARENA)
大小和指向其他块的指针
/*Bits to mask off when extracting sizeNote: IS_MMAPPED is intentionally not masked off from size field inmacros for which mmapped chunks should never be seen. This shouldcause helpful core dumps to occur if it is tried by accident bypeople extending or adapting this malloc.*/#defineSIZE_BITS (PREV_INUSE | IS_MMAPPED | NON_MAIN_ARENA)/* Get size, ignoring use bits */#definechunksize(p) (chunksize_nomask (p) &~(SIZE_BITS))/* Like chunksize, but do not mask SIZE_BITS. */#definechunksize_nomask(p) ((p)->mchunk_size)/* Ptr to next physical malloc_chunk. */#definenext_chunk(p) ((mchunkptr) (((char*) (p)) +chunksize (p)))/* Size of the chunk below P. Only valid if !prev_inuse (P). */#defineprev_size(p) ((p)->mchunk_prev_size)/* Set the size of the chunk below P. Only valid if !prev_inuse (P). */#defineset_prev_size(p, sz) ((p)->mchunk_prev_size = (sz))/* Ptr to previous physical malloc_chunk. Only valid if !prev_inuse (P). */#defineprev_chunk(p) ((mchunkptr) (((char*) (p)) -prev_size (p)))/* Treat space at ptr + offset as a chunk */#definechunk_at_offset(p, s) ((mchunkptr) (((char*) (p)) + (s)))
/* Set size at head, without disturbing its use bit */#defineset_head_size(p, s) ((p)->mchunk_size = (((p)->mchunk_size & SIZE_BITS) | (s)))/* Set size/use field */#defineset_head(p, s) ((p)->mchunk_size = (s))/* Set size at footer (only when chunk is not in use) */#defineset_foot(p, s) (((mchunkptr) ((char*) (p) + (s)))->mchunk_prev_size = (s))
获取块内实际可用数据的大小
#pragmaGCCpoisonmchunk_size#pragmaGCCpoisonmchunk_prev_size/* This is the size of the real usable data in the chunk. Not valid fordumped heap chunks. */#definememsize(p) \(__MTAG_GRANULE_SIZE > SIZE_SZ &&__glibc_unlikely (mtag_enabled) ? \chunksize (p) - CHUNK_HDR_SZ : \chunksize (p) - CHUNK_HDR_SZ + (chunk_is_mmapped (p) ?0: SIZE_SZ))/* If memory tagging is enabled the layout changes to accommodate the granulesize, this is wasteful for small allocations so not done by default.Both the chunk header and user data has to be granule aligned. */_Static_assert (__MTAG_GRANULE_SIZE <= CHUNK_HDR_SZ,"memory tagging is not supported with large granule.");static __always_inline void*tag_new_usable (void*ptr){if (__glibc_unlikely (mtag_enabled)&& ptr){mchunkptr cp =mem2chunk(ptr);ptr =__libc_mtag_tag_region (__libc_mtag_new_tag (ptr), memsize (cp));}return ptr;}
0x1: Previous in Use - Specifies that the chunk before it in memory is in use
0x2: Is MMAPPED - Specifies that the chunk was obtained with mmap()
0x4: Non Main Arena - Specifies that the chunk was obtained from outside of the main arena
多线程示例
多线程
```c #include #include #include #include #include
void* threadFuncMalloc(void* arg) { printf("Hello from thread 1\n"); char* addr = (char*) malloc(1000); printf("After malloc and before free in thread 1\n"); free(addr); printf("After free in thread 1\n"); }
void* threadFuncNoMalloc(void* arg) { printf("Hello from thread 2\n"); }
int main() { pthread_t t1; void* s; int ret; char* addr;