Pentesting JDWP - Java Debug Wire Protocol
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Last updated
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La explotación de JDWP se basa en la falta de autenticación y cifrado del protocolo. Generalmente se encuentra en el puerto 8000, pero otros puertos son posibles. La conexión inicial se realiza enviando un "JDWP-Handshake" al puerto objetivo. Si un servicio JDWP está activo, responde con la misma cadena, confirmando su presencia. Este apretón de manos actúa como un método de huellas digitales para identificar servicios JDWP en la red.
En términos de identificación de procesos, buscar la cadena "jdwk" en procesos de Java puede indicar una sesión JDWP activa.
La herramienta principal es jdwp-shellifier. Puedes usarla con diferentes parámetros:
I found that the use of --break-on 'java.lang.String.indexOf' makes the exploit more estable. And if you have the chance to upload a backdoor to the host and execute it instead of executing a command, the exploit will be even more stable.
This is a summary of https://ioactive.com/hacking-java-debug-wire-protocol-or-how/. Check it for further details.
JDWP Overview:
It's a packet-based network binary protocol, primarily synchronous.
Lacks authentication and encryption, making it vulnerable when exposed to hostile networks.
JDWP Handshake:
A simple handshake process is used to initiate communication. A 14-character ASCII string “JDWP-Handshake” is exchanged between the Debugger (client) and the Debuggee (server).
JDWP Communication:
Messages have a simple structure with fields like Length, Id, Flag, and CommandSet.
CommandSet values range from 0x40 to 0x80, representing different actions and events.
Exploitation:
JDWP allows loading and invoking arbitrary classes and bytecode, posing security risks.
The article details an exploitation process in five steps, involving fetching Java Runtime references, setting breakpoints, and invoking methods.
Real-Life Exploitation:
Despite potential firewall protections, JDWP services are discoverable and exploitable in real-world scenarios, as demonstrated by searches on platforms like ShodanHQ and GitHub.
The exploit script was tested against various JDK versions and is platform-independent, offering reliable Remote Code Execution (RCE).
Security Implications:
The presence of open JDWP services on the internet underscores the need for regular security reviews, disabling debug functionalities in production, and proper firewall configurations.
http://www.secdev.org/projects/scapy(no longer active)
http://www.hsc-news.com/archives/2013/000109.html (no longer active)
https://github.com/search?q=-Xdebug+-Xrunjdwp&type=Code&ref=searchresults
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