// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/a07e000e82cb71238259e674529c37c12dc7d423/malloc/arena.c#L837typedefstruct _heap_info{mstate ar_ptr; /* Arena for this heap. */struct _heap_info *prev; /* Previous heap. */size_t size; /* Current size in bytes. */size_t mprotect_size; /* Size in bytes that has been mprotectedPROT_READ|PROT_WRITE. */size_t pagesize; /* Page size used when allocating the arena. *//* Make sure the following data is properly aligned, particularlythat sizeof (heap_info) + 2 * SIZE_SZ is a multiple ofMALLOC_ALIGNMENT. */char pad[-3* SIZE_SZ & MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK];} heap_info;
* `mchunkptr bins[NBINS * 2 - 2];` 包含指向小、大和未排序**bins**的**第一个和最后一个chunk**的指针(-2是因为索引0未被使用)
* 因此,这些bins的**第一个chunk**将具有指向此结构的**反向指针**,而这些bins的**最后一个chunk**将具有指向此结构的**前向指针。** 这基本上意味着,如果您可以**泄漏主堆中的这些地址**,您将获得指向**libc**中该结构的指针。
* 结构体 `struct malloc_state *next;` 和 `struct malloc_state *next_free;` 是堆的链表
* `top` chunk是最后一个“chunk”,基本上是**堆中剩余的所有空间**。一旦顶部chunk为空,堆就完全被使用,需要请求更多空间。
* `last reminder` chunk来自这样的情况:没有可用的确切大小的chunk,因此会分割一个更大的chunk,将剩余部分放在这里。
```c
// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/a07e000e82cb71238259e674529c37c12dc7d423/malloc/malloc.c#L1812
struct malloc_state
{
/* Serialize access. */
__libc_lock_define (, mutex);
/* Flags (formerly in max_fast). */
int flags;
/* Set if the fastbin chunks contain recently inserted free blocks. */
/* Note this is a bool but not all targets support atomics on booleans. */
int have_fastchunks;
/* Fastbins */
mfastbinptr fastbinsY[NFASTBINS];
/* Base of the topmost chunk -- not otherwise kept in a bin */
mchunkptr top;
/* The remainder from the most recent split of a small request */
mchunkptr last_remainder;
/* Normal bins packed as described above */
mchunkptr bins[NBINS * 2 - 2];
/* Bitmap of bins */
unsigned int binmap[BINMAPSIZE];
/* Linked list */
struct malloc_state *next;
/* Linked list for free arenas. Access to this field is serialized
by free_list_lock in arena.c. */
struct malloc_state *next_free;
/* Number of threads attached to this arena. 0 if the arena is on
the free list. Access to this field is serialized by
free_list_lock in arena.c. */
INTERNAL_SIZE_T attached_threads;
/* Memory allocated from the system in this arena. */
INTERNAL_SIZE_T system_mem;
INTERNAL_SIZE_T max_system_mem;
};
malloc_chunk
这个结构体代表内存的一个特定块。对于已分配和未分配的块,各个字段具有不同的含义。
// https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/master/malloc/malloc.cstruct malloc_chunk {INTERNAL_SIZE_T mchunk_prev_size; /* Size of previous chunk, if it is free. */INTERNAL_SIZE_T mchunk_size; /* Size in bytes, including overhead. */struct malloc_chunk* fd; /* double links -- used only if this chunk is free. */struct malloc_chunk* bk;/* Only used for large blocks: pointer to next larger size. */struct malloc_chunk* fd_nextsize; /* double links -- used only if this chunk is free. */struct malloc_chunk* bk_nextsize;};typedefstruct malloc_chunk* mchunkptr;
// https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/master/malloc/malloc.c/* Convert a chunk address to a user mem pointer without correcting the tag. */#definechunk2mem(p) ((void*)((char*)(p) + CHUNK_HDR_SZ))/* Convert a user mem pointer to a chunk address and extract the right tag. */#definemem2chunk(mem) ((mchunkptr)tag_at (((char*)(mem) - CHUNK_HDR_SZ)))/* The smallest possible chunk */#defineMIN_CHUNK_SIZE (offsetof(struct malloc_chunk, fd_nextsize))/* The smallest size we can malloc is an aligned minimal chunk */#defineMINSIZE \(unsignedlong)(((MIN_CHUNK_SIZE+MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK) &~MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK))
对齐和最小尺寸
指向块的指针和 0x0f 必须为 0。
// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/a07e000e82cb71238259e674529c37c12dc7d423/sysdeps/generic/malloc-size.h#L61#defineMALLOC_ALIGN_MASK (MALLOC_ALIGNMENT -1)// https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/a07e000e82cb71238259e674529c37c12dc7d423/sysdeps/i386/malloc-alignment.h#defineMALLOC_ALIGNMENT16// https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/master/malloc/malloc.c/* Check if m has acceptable alignment */#definealigned_OK(m) (((unsignedlong)(m) & MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK) ==0)#definemisaligned_chunk(p) \((uintptr_t)(MALLOC_ALIGNMENT == CHUNK_HDR_SZ ? (p) :chunk2mem (p)) \& MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK)/* pad request bytes into a usable size -- internal version *//* Note: This must be a macro that evaluates to a compile time constantif passed a literal constant. */#definerequest2size(req) \(((req) + SIZE_SZ + MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK < MINSIZE) ? \MINSIZE : \((req) + SIZE_SZ + MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK) &~MALLOC_ALIGN_MASK)/* Check if REQ overflows when padded and aligned and if the resultingvalue is less than PTRDIFF_T. Returns the requested size orMINSIZE in case the value is less than MINSIZE, or 0 if any of theprevious checks fail. */staticinlinesize_tchecked_request2size (size_t req) __nonnull (1){if (__glibc_unlikely (req > PTRDIFF_MAX))return0;/* When using tagged memory, we cannot share the end of the userblock with the header for the next chunk, so ensure that weallocate blocks that are rounded up to the granule size. Takecare not to overflow from close to MAX_SIZE_T to a smallnumber. Ideally, this would be part of request2size(), but thatmust be a macro that produces a compile time constant if passeda constant literal. */if (__glibc_unlikely (mtag_enabled)){/* Ensure this is not evaluated if !mtag_enabled, see gcc PR 99551. */asm ("");req = (req + (__MTAG_GRANULE_SIZE -1)) &~(size_t)(__MTAG_GRANULE_SIZE -1);}returnrequest2size (req);}
获取块数据并修改元数据
这些函数通过接收一个指向块的指针来工作,并且对于检查/设置元数据非常有用:
检查块标志
// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/master/malloc/malloc.c/* size field is or'ed with PREV_INUSE when previous adjacent chunk in use */#definePREV_INUSE0x1/* extract inuse bit of previous chunk */#defineprev_inuse(p) ((p)->mchunk_size & PREV_INUSE)/* size field is or'ed with IS_MMAPPED if the chunk was obtained with mmap() */#defineIS_MMAPPED0x2/* check for mmap()'ed chunk */#definechunk_is_mmapped(p) ((p)->mchunk_size & IS_MMAPPED)/* size field is or'ed with NON_MAIN_ARENA if the chunk was obtainedfrom a non-main arena. This is only set immediately before handingthe chunk to the user, if necessary. */#defineNON_MAIN_ARENA0x4/* Check for chunk from main arena. */#definechunk_main_arena(p) (((p)->mchunk_size & NON_MAIN_ARENA) ==0)/* Mark a chunk as not being on the main arena. */#defineset_non_main_arena(p) ((p)->mchunk_size |= NON_MAIN_ARENA)
大小和指向其他块的指针
/*Bits to mask off when extracting sizeNote: IS_MMAPPED is intentionally not masked off from size field inmacros for which mmapped chunks should never be seen. This shouldcause helpful core dumps to occur if it is tried by accident bypeople extending or adapting this malloc.*/#defineSIZE_BITS (PREV_INUSE | IS_MMAPPED | NON_MAIN_ARENA)/* Get size, ignoring use bits */#definechunksize(p) (chunksize_nomask (p) &~(SIZE_BITS))/* Like chunksize, but do not mask SIZE_BITS. */#definechunksize_nomask(p) ((p)->mchunk_size)/* Ptr to next physical malloc_chunk. */#definenext_chunk(p) ((mchunkptr) (((char*) (p)) +chunksize (p)))/* Size of the chunk below P. Only valid if !prev_inuse (P). */#defineprev_size(p) ((p)->mchunk_prev_size)/* Set the size of the chunk below P. Only valid if !prev_inuse (P). */#defineset_prev_size(p, sz) ((p)->mchunk_prev_size = (sz))/* Ptr to previous physical malloc_chunk. Only valid if !prev_inuse (P). */#defineprev_chunk(p) ((mchunkptr) (((char*) (p)) -prev_size (p)))/* Treat space at ptr + offset as a chunk */#definechunk_at_offset(p, s) ((mchunkptr) (((char*) (p)) + (s)))
/* Set size at head, without disturbing its use bit */#defineset_head_size(p, s) ((p)->mchunk_size = (((p)->mchunk_size & SIZE_BITS) | (s)))/* Set size/use field */#defineset_head(p, s) ((p)->mchunk_size = (s))/* Set size at footer (only when chunk is not in use) */#defineset_foot(p, s) (((mchunkptr) ((char*) (p) + (s)))->mchunk_prev_size = (s))
获取块内真正可用数据的大小
#pragmaGCCpoisonmchunk_size#pragmaGCCpoisonmchunk_prev_size/* This is the size of the real usable data in the chunk. Not valid fordumped heap chunks. */#definememsize(p) \(__MTAG_GRANULE_SIZE > SIZE_SZ &&__glibc_unlikely (mtag_enabled) ? \chunksize (p) - CHUNK_HDR_SZ : \chunksize (p) - CHUNK_HDR_SZ + (chunk_is_mmapped (p) ?0: SIZE_SZ))/* If memory tagging is enabled the layout changes to accommodate the granulesize, this is wasteful for small allocations so not done by default.Both the chunk header and user data has to be granule aligned. */_Static_assert (__MTAG_GRANULE_SIZE <= CHUNK_HDR_SZ,"memory tagging is not supported with large granule.");static __always_inline void*tag_new_usable (void*ptr){if (__glibc_unlikely (mtag_enabled)&& ptr){mchunkptr cp =mem2chunk(ptr);ptr =__libc_mtag_tag_region (__libc_mtag_new_tag (ptr), memsize (cp));}return ptr;}
0x1: Previous in Use - Specifies that the chunk before it in memory is in use
0x2: Is MMAPPED - Specifies that the chunk was obtained with mmap()
0x4: Non Main Arena - Specifies that the chunk was obtained from outside of the main arena
多线程示例
多线程
```c #include #include #include #include #include
void* threadFuncMalloc(void* arg) { printf("Hello from thread 1\n"); char* addr = (char*) malloc(1000); printf("After malloc and before free in thread 1\n"); free(addr); printf("After free in thread 1\n"); }
void* threadFuncNoMalloc(void* arg) { printf("Hello from thread 2\n"); }
int main() { pthread_t t1; void* s; int ret; char* addr;