macOS Objective-C
学习与实践 AWS 黑客技术:HackTricks 培训 AWS 红队专家 (ARTE)
学习与实践 GCP 黑客技术:
HackTricks 培训 GCP 红队专家 (GRTE)
支持 HackTricks
查看 订阅计划!
加入 💬 Discord 群组 或 Telegram 群组 或 关注 我们的 Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.
通过向 HackTricks 和 HackTricks Cloud GitHub 仓库提交 PR 分享黑客技巧。
Objective-C
请注意,用 Objective-C 编写的程序在编译成 Mach-O 二进制文件 时 保留 其类声明。这样的类声明 包括 名称和类型:
类
类方法
类实例变量
您可以使用 class-dump 获取此信息:
class-dump Kindle.app
注意,这些名称可能会被混淆,以使二进制文件的逆向工程更加困难。
类、方法和对象
接口、属性和方法
// Declare the interface of the class
@interface MyVehicle : NSObject
// Declare the properties
@property NSString *vehicleType;
@property int numberOfWheels;
// Declare the methods
- (void)startEngine;
- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
@end
类
@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject
// No need to indicate the properties, only define methods
- (void)startEngine {
NSLog(@"Engine started");
}
- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
self.numberOfWheels += value;
}
@end
对象与调用方法
要创建一个类的实例,调用 alloc
方法,该方法 分配内存 给每个 属性 并 将这些分配置为零。然后调用 init
,该方法 初始化属性 为 所需的值。
// Something like this:
MyVehicle *newVehicle = [[MyVehicle alloc] init];
// Which is usually expressed as:
MyVehicle *newVehicle = [MyVehicle new];
// To call a method
// [myClassInstance nameOfTheMethodFirstParam:param1 secondParam:param2]
[newVehicle addWheels:4];
类方法
类方法是用 加号 (+) 定义的,而不是用于实例方法的 减号 (-)。像 NSString 类方法 stringWithString
:
+ (id)stringWithString:(NSString *)aString;
Setter & Getter
要设置和获取属性,您可以使用点表示法或像调用方法一样进行:
// Set
newVehicle.numberOfWheels = 2;
[newVehicle setNumberOfWheels:3];
// Get
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", newVehicle.numberOfWheels);
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", [newVehicle numberOfWheels]);
实例变量
与 setter 和 getter 方法不同,您可以使用实例变量。这些变量与属性同名,但以“_”开头:
- (void)makeLongTruck {
_numberOfWheels = +10000;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfLeaves);
}
Protocols
协议是一组方法声明(没有属性)。实现协议的类实现声明的方法。
方法有两种类型:必需和可选。默认情况下,方法是必需的(但您也可以使用**@required
标签来指示)。要指示方法是可选的,请使用@optional
**。
@protocol myNewProtocol
- (void) method1; //mandatory
@required
- (void) method2; //mandatory
@optional
- (void) method3; //optional
@end
一起
// gcc -framework Foundation test_obj.m -o test_obj
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@protocol myVehicleProtocol
- (void) startEngine; //mandatory
@required
- (void) addWheels:(int)value; //mandatory
@optional
- (void) makeLongTruck; //optional
@end
@interface MyVehicle : NSObject <myVehicleProtocol>
@property int numberOfWheels;
- (void)startEngine;
- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
- (void)makeLongTruck;
@end
@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject
- (void)startEngine {
NSLog(@"Engine started");
}
- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
self.numberOfWheels += value;
}
- (void)makeLongTruck {
_numberOfWheels = +10000;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfWheels);
}
@end
int main() {
MyVehicle* mySuperCar = [MyVehicle new];
[mySuperCar startEngine];
mySuperCar.numberOfWheels = 4;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
[mySuperCar setNumberOfWheels:3];
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
[mySuperCar makeLongTruck];
}
基本类
字符串
// NSString
NSString *bookTitle = @"The Catcher in the Rye";
NSString *bookAuthor = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:"J.D. Salinger" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString *bookPublicationYear = [NSString stringWithCString:"1951" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
基本类是不可变的,因此要将一个字符串附加到现有字符串上,需要创建一个新的 NSString。
NSString *bookDescription = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ by %@ was published in %@", bookTitle, bookAuthor, bookPublicationYear];
或者你也可以使用一个可变字符串类:
NSMutableString *mutableString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"The book "];
[mutableString appendString:bookTitle];
[mutableString appendString:@" was written by "];
[mutableString appendString:bookAuthor];
[mutableString appendString:@" and published in "];
[mutableString appendString:bookPublicationYear];
数字
// character literals.
NSNumber *theLetterZ = @'Z'; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithChar:'Z']
// integral literals.
NSNumber *fortyTwo = @42; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithInt:42]
NSNumber *fortyTwoUnsigned = @42U; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:42U]
NSNumber *fortyTwoLong = @42L; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLong:42L]
NSNumber *fortyTwoLongLong = @42LL; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:42LL]
// floating point literals.
NSNumber *piFloat = @3.141592654F; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithFloat:3.141592654F]
NSNumber *piDouble = @3.1415926535; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithDouble:3.1415926535]
// BOOL literals.
NSNumber *yesNumber = @YES; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]
NSNumber *noNumber = @NO; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO]
数组、集合和字典
// Inmutable arrays
NSArray *colorsArray1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"red", @"green", @"blue", nil];
NSArray *colorsArray2 = @[@"yellow", @"cyan", @"magenta"];
NSArray *colorsArray3 = @[firstColor, secondColor, thirdColor];
// Mutable arrays
NSMutableArray *mutColorsArray = [NSMutableArray array];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"red"];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"green"];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"blue"];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"yellow"];
[mutColorsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:@"purple"];
// Inmutable Sets
NSSet *fruitsSet1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"apple", @"banana", @"orange", nil];
NSSet *fruitsSet2 = [NSSet setWithArray:@[@"apple", @"banana", @"orange"]];
// Mutable sets
NSMutableSet *mutFruitsSet = [NSMutableSet setWithObjects:@"apple", @"banana", @"orange", nil];
[mutFruitsSet addObject:@"grape"];
[mutFruitsSet removeObject:@"apple"];
// Dictionary
NSDictionary *fruitColorsDictionary = @{
@"apple" : @"red",
@"banana" : @"yellow",
@"orange" : @"orange",
@"grape" : @"purple"
};
// In dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys you specify the value and then the key:
NSDictionary *fruitColorsDictionary2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
@"red", @"apple",
@"yellow", @"banana",
@"orange", @"orange",
@"purple", @"grape",
nil];
// Mutable dictionary
NSMutableDictionary *mutFruitColorsDictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:fruitColorsDictionary];
[mutFruitColorsDictionary setObject:@"green" forKey:@"apple"];
[mutFruitColorsDictionary removeObjectForKey:@"grape"];
Blocks
Blocks 是 作为对象行为的函数,因此可以传递给函数或 存储 在 数组 或 字典 中。此外,如果给定值,它们可以 表示一个值,因此类似于 lambdas。
returnType (^blockName)(argumentType1, argumentType2, ...) = ^(argumentType1 param1, argumentType2 param2, ...){
//Perform operations here
};
// For example
int (^suma)(int, int) = ^(int a, int b){
return a+b;
};
NSLog(@"3+4 = %d", suma(3,4));
也可以定义一个块类型作为函数中的参数:
// Define the block type
typedef void (^callbackLogger)(void);
// Create a bloack with the block type
callbackLogger myLogger = ^{
NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my block");
};
// Use it inside a function as a param
void genericLogger(callbackLogger blockParam) {
NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my function");
blockParam();
}
genericLogger(myLogger);
// Call it inline
genericLogger(^{
NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my second block");
});
文件
// Manager to manage files
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
// Check if file exists:
if ([fileManager fileExistsAtPath:@"/path/to/file.txt" ] == YES) {
NSLog (@"File exists");
}
// copy files
if ([fileManager copyItemAtPath: @"/path/to/file1.txt" toPath: @"/path/to/file2.txt" error:nil] == YES) {
NSLog (@"Copy successful");
}
// Check if the content of 2 files match
if ([fileManager contentsEqualAtPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt" andPath:@"/path/to/file2.txt"] == YES) {
NSLog (@"File contents match");
}
// Delete file
if ([fileManager removeItemAtPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt" error:nil]) {
NSLog(@"Removed successfully");
}
也可以使用 NSURL
对象而不是 NSString
对象 来管理文件。方法名称类似,但 使用 URL
而不是 Path
。
<div data-gb-custom-block data-tag="hint" data-style='success'>
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details>
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</div>
</details>
</div>
</details>
</div>
Last updated