/* With rounding and alignment, the bins are... idx 0 bytes 0..24 (64-bit) or 0..12 (32-bit) idx 1 bytes 25..40 or 13..20 idx 2 bytes 41..56 or 21..28 etc. */
/* This is another arbitrary limit, which tunables can change. Each tcache bin will hold at most this number of chunks. */
define TCACHE_FILL_COUNT 7
/* Maximum chunks in tcache bins for tunables. This value must fit the range of tcache->counts[] entries, else they may overflow. */
define MAX_TCACHE_COUNT UINT16_MAX
[...]
typedef struct tcache_entry { struct tcache_entry next; / This field exists to detect double frees. */ uintptr_t key; } tcache_entry;
/* There is one of these for each thread, which contains the per-thread cache (hence "tcache_perthread_struct"). Keeping overall size low is mildly important. Note that COUNTS and ENTRIES are redundant (we could have just counted the linked list each time), this is for performance reasons. */ typedef struct tcache_perthread_struct { uint16_t counts[TCACHE_MAX_BINS]; tcache_entry *entries[TCACHE_MAX_BINS]; } tcache_perthread_struct;
</details>
函数 `__tcache_init` 是创建和分配 `tcache_perthread_struct` 对象空间的函数
<details>
<summary>tcache_init 代码</summary>
```c
// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/f942a732d37a96217ef828116ebe64a644db18d7/malloc/malloc.c#L3241C1-L3274C2
static void
tcache_init(void)
{
mstate ar_ptr;
void *victim = 0;
const size_t bytes = sizeof (tcache_perthread_struct);
if (tcache_shutting_down)
return;
arena_get (ar_ptr, bytes);
victim = _int_malloc (ar_ptr, bytes);
if (!victim && ar_ptr != NULL)
{
ar_ptr = arena_get_retry (ar_ptr, bytes);
victim = _int_malloc (ar_ptr, bytes);
}
if (ar_ptr != NULL)
__libc_lock_unlock (ar_ptr->mutex);
/* In a low memory situation, we may not be able to allocate memory
- in which case, we just keep trying later. However, we
typically do this very early, so either there is sufficient
memory, or there isn't enough memory to do non-trivial
allocations anyway. */
if (victim)
{
tcache = (tcache_perthread_struct *) victim;
memset (tcache, 0, sizeof (tcache_perthread_struct));
}
}
快速 bins 中的块未设置为可用，因此它们会在一段时间内保持为快速 bin 块，而不是能够与周围的其他空闲块合并。
// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/a07e000e82cb71238259e674529c37c12dc7d423/malloc/malloc.c#L1711/*FastbinsAn array of lists holding recently freed small chunks. Fastbinsare not doubly linked. It is faster to single-link them, andsince chunks are never removed from the middles of these lists,double linking is not necessary. Also, unlike regular bins, theyare not even processed in FIFO order (they use faster LIFO) sinceordering doesn't much matter in the transient contexts in whichfastbins are normally used.Chunks in fastbins keep their inuse bit set, so they cannotbe consolidated with other free chunks. malloc_consolidatereleases all chunks in fastbins and consolidates them withother free chunks.*/typedefstruct malloc_chunk *mfastbinptr;#definefastbin(ar_ptr, idx) ((ar_ptr)->fastbinsY[idx])/* offset 2 to use otherwise unindexable first 2 bins */#definefastbin_index(sz) \((((unsignedint) (sz)) >> (SIZE_SZ ==8?4:3)) -2)/* The maximum fastbin request size we support */#defineMAX_FAST_SIZE (80* SIZE_SZ /4)#defineNFASTBINS (fastbin_index (request2size (MAX_FAST_SIZE)) +1)
添加一个 fastbin 块示例
```c #include #include
int main(void) { char *chunks[8]; int i;
// Loop to allocate memory 8 times for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { chunks[i] = malloc(24); if (chunks[i] == NULL) { // Check if malloc failed fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation failed at iteration %d\n", i); return 1; } printf("Address of chunk %d: %p\n", i, (void *)chunks[i]); }
// Loop to free the allocated memory for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { free(chunks[i]); }
// Loop to allocate memory 8 times for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) { chunks[i] = malloc(0x100); if (chunks[i] == NULL) { // Check if malloc failed fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation failed at iteration %d\n", i); return 1; } printf("Address of chunk %d: %p\n", i, (void *)chunks[i]); }
// Loop to free the allocated memory for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { free(chunks[i]); }
// Loop to allocate memory 8 times for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) { chunks[i] = malloc(0x100); if (chunks[i] == NULL) { // Check if malloc failed fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation failed at iteration %d\n", i); return 1; } printf("Address of chunk %d: %p\n", i, (void *)chunks[i]); }
// Loop to free the allocated memory for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { free(chunks[i]); }
2 个大分配被执行，然后一个被释放（将其放入未排序的 bin），并且进行一个更大的分配（将释放的从未排序的 bin 移动到大 bin）。
编译它并在 main 函数的 ret 操作码处设置断点进行调试。然后使用 gef，你可以看到 tcache bin 是满的，并且一个块在大 bin 中：
gef➤heapbin────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────Tcachebinsforthread1────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────Alltcachebinsareempty─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────Fastbinsforarenaat0xfffff7f90b00─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────Fastbins[idx=0,size=0x20]0x00Fastbins[idx=1,size=0x30]0x00Fastbins[idx=2,size=0x40]0x00Fastbins[idx=3,size=0x50]0x00Fastbins[idx=4,size=0x60]0x00Fastbins[idx=5,size=0x70]0x00Fastbins[idx=6,size=0x80]0x00───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────UnsortedBinforarenaat0xfffff7f90b00───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────[+] Found 0 chunks in unsorted bin.────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────SmallBinsforarenaat0xfffff7f90b00────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────[+] Found 0 chunks in 0 small non-empty bins.────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────LargeBinsforarenaat0xfffff7f90b00────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────[+] large_bins[100]: fw=0xaaaaaaac1290, bk=0xaaaaaaac1290→Chunk(addr=0xaaaaaaac12a0, size=0x1510, flags=PREV_INUSE|IS_MMAPPED|NON_MAIN_ARENA)[+] Found 1 chunks in 1 large non-empty bins.
顶部块
// From https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/a07e000e82cb71238259e674529c37c12dc7d423/malloc/malloc.c#L1711/*TopThe top-most available chunk (i.e., the one bordering the end ofavailable memory) is treated specially. It is never included inany bin, is used only if no other chunk is available, and isreleased back to the system if it is very large (seeM_TRIM_THRESHOLD). Because top initiallypoints to its own bin with initial zero size, thus forcingextension on the first malloc request, we avoid having any specialcode in malloc to check whether it even exists yet. But we stillneed to do so when getting memory from system, so we makeinitial_top treat the bin as a legal but unusable chunk during theinterval between initialization and the first call tosysmalloc. (This is somewhat delicate, since it relies onthe 2 preceding words to be zero during this interval as well.)*//* Conveniently, the unsorted bin can be used as dummy top on first call */#defineinitial_top(M) (unsorted_chunks (M))
