Pata mtazamo wa hacker kuhusu programu zako za wavuti, mtandao, na wingu
Pata na ripoti mapungufu makubwa, yanayoweza kutumiwa ambayo yana athari halisi za kibiashara. Tumia zana zetu zaidi ya 20 za kawaida kupanga uso wa shambulio, pata masuala ya usalama yanayokuruhusu kupandisha mamlaka, na tumia matumizi ya moja kwa moja kukusanya ushahidi muhimu, ukigeuza kazi yako ngumu kuwa ripoti za kushawishi.
Taarifa za Msingi
Mfumo wa Jina la Kikoa (DNS) unatumika kama directory ya mtandao, ukiruhusu watumiaji kufikia tovuti kupitia majina ya kikoa ambayo ni rahisi kukumbuka kama google.com au facebook.com, badala ya anwani za nambari za Internet Protocol (IP). Kwa kutafsiri majina ya kikoa kuwa anwani za IP, DNS inahakikisha kwamba vivinjari vya wavuti vinaweza kupakia rasilimali za mtandao haraka, ikirahisisha jinsi tunavyosafiri katika ulimwengu wa mtandao.
Bandari ya kawaida: 53
PORT STATE SERVICE REASON
53/tcp open domain Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 (1DB15D39) (Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1)
5353/udp open zeroconf udp-response
53/udp open domain Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 (1DB15D39) (Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1)
Different DNS Servers
DNS Root Servers: Hizi ziko juu ya hierarchi ya DNS, zikisimamia maeneo ya juu na kuingilia tu ikiwa seva za chini hazijajibu. Shirika la Mtandao la Majina na Nambari (ICANN) linaangalia uendeshaji wao, ikiwa na idadi ya kimataifa ya 13.
Authoritative Nameservers: Seva hizi zina neno la mwisho kwa maswali katika maeneo yao yaliyotengwa, zikitoa majibu ya uhakika. Ikiwa hawawezi kutoa jibu, swali linaelekezwa kwa seva za mzizi.
Non-authoritative Nameservers: Zikiwa hazina umiliki juu ya maeneo ya DNS, seva hizi zinakusanya taarifa za eneo kupitia maswali kwa seva nyingine.
Caching DNS Server: Aina hii ya seva inakumbuka majibu ya maswali ya awali kwa muda fulani ili kuharakisha nyakati za majibu kwa maombi ya baadaye, huku muda wa cache ukiongozwa na seva yenye mamlaka.
Forwarding Server: Ikihudumu katika jukumu rahisi, seva za kupeleka zinapeleka maswali kwa seva nyingine.
Resolver: Imejumuishwa ndani ya kompyuta au route, resolvers hufanya ufumbuzi wa majina ndani ya eneo na hazichukuliwi kuwa na mamlaka.
Enumeration
Banner Grabbing
Hakuna mabango katika DNS lakini unaweza kupata swali la macgic kwa version.bind. CHAOS TXT ambalo litafanya kazi kwenye seva nyingi za BIND.
Unaweza kufanya swali hili kwa kutumia dig:
digversion.bindCHAOSTXT@DNS
Zaidi ya hayo, chombo fpdns kinaweza pia kubaini alama ya seva.
Pia inawezekana kupata bendera pia kwa kutumia skripti ya nmap:
--script dns-nsid
Any record
Rekodi ANY itaomba seva ya DNS irudishe zote kadiria ambazo inaweza kufichua.
diganyvictim.com@<DNS_IP>
Transferi ya Kanda
Hii taratibu inajulikana kama Asynchronous Full Transfer Zone (AXFR).
digaxfr@<DNS_IP>#Try zone transfer without domaindigaxfr@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#Try zone transfer guessing the domainfierce --domain <DOMAIN> --dns-servers <DNS_IP> #Will try toperform a zone transfer against every authoritative name server and if this doesn'twork, will launch a dictionary attack
Maelezo zaidi
digANY@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#Any informationdigA@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#Regular DNS requestdigAAAA@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#IPv6 DNS requestdigTXT@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#InformationdigMX@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#Emails relateddigNS@<DNS_IP><DOMAIN>#DNS that resolves that namedig-x192.168.0.2@<DNS_IP>#Reverse lookupdig-x2a00:1450:400c:c06::93@<DNS_IP>#reverse IPv6 lookup#Use [-p PORT] or -6 (to use ivp6 address of dns)
Utaftaji
for sub in $(cat <WORDLIST>);do dig $sub.<DOMAIN> @<DNS_IP> | grep -v ';\|SOA' | sed -r '/^\s*$/d' | grep $sub | tee -a subdomains.txt;done
dnsenum--dnsserver<DNS_IP>--enum-p0-s0-osubdomains.txt-f<WORDLIST><DOMAIN>
Kutumia nslookup
nslookup> SERVER <IP_DNS>#Select dns server> 127.0.0.1 #Reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1, maybe...><IP_MACHINE>#Reverse lookup of a machine, maybe...
#Perform enumeration actionsnmap-n--script"(default and *dns*) or fcrdns or dns-srv-enum or dns-random-txid or dns-random-srcport"<IP>
DNS - Reverse BF
dnsrecon-r127.0.0.0/24-n<IP_DNS>#DNS reverse of all of the addressesdnsrecon-r127.0.1.0/24-n<IP_DNS>#DNS reverse of all of the addressesdnsrecon-r<IP_DNS>/24-n<IP_DNS>#DNS reverse of all of the addressesdnsrecon-dactive.htb-a-n<IP_DNS>#Zone transfer
Ikiwa unaweza kupata subdomains zinazotatua kwa anwani za IP za ndani, unapaswa kujaribu kufanya reverse dns BF kwa NSs za domain ukitafuta anuwai hiyo ya IP.
#Query paypal subdomains to ns3.isc-sns.infonmap-sSU-p53--scriptdns-nsec-enum--script-argsdns-nsec-enum.domains=paypal.comns3.isc-sns.info
IPv6
Brute force kutumia ombi "AAAA" kukusanya IPv6 za subdomains.
dnsdict6-s-t<domain>
Bruteforce reverse DNS kwa kutumia anwani za IPv6
dnsrevenum6pri.authdns.ripe.net2001:67c:2e8::/48#Will use the dns pri.authdns.ripe.net
DNS Recursion DDoS
Ikiwa DNS recursion imewezeshwa, mshambuliaji anaweza kudanganyachanzo kwenye pakiti ya UDP ili kufanya DNS itume jibu kwa seva ya mwathirika. Mshambuliaji anaweza kutumia aina za rekodi ANY au DNSSEC kwani huwa na majibu makubwa.
Njia ya kuangalia ikiwa DNS inasaidia recursion ni kuuliza jina la kikoa na kuangalia ikiwa bendera "ra" (recursion available) iko kwenye jibu:
diggoogle.comA@<IP>
Sio inapatikana:
Inapatikana:
Pata mtazamo wa hacker kuhusu programu zako za wavuti, mtandao, na wingu
Pata na ripoti kuhusu udhaifu muhimu, unaoweza kutumiwa kwa faida halisi ya biashara. Tumia zana zetu zaidi ya 20 za kawaida kupanga uso wa shambulio, pata masuala ya usalama yanayokuruhusu kupandisha mamlaka, na tumia matumizi ya kiotomatiki kukusanya ushahidi muhimu, ukigeuza kazi yako ngumu kuwa ripoti za kushawishi.
Barua pepe kwa akaunti isiyopo
Kupitia uchambuzi wa arifa ya kutofika (NDN) iliyosababishwa na barua pepe iliyotumwa kwa anwani isiyo sahihi ndani ya eneo lengwa, maelezo muhimu ya mtandao wa ndani mara nyingi yanafunuliwa.
Ripoti ya kutofika iliyotolewa inajumuisha maelezo kama vile:
Seva inayozalisha ilitambuliwa kama server.example.com.
Arifa ya kushindwa kwa user@example.com iliyo na nambari ya kosa #550 5.1.1 RESOLVER.ADR.RecipNotFound; haijapatikana ilirudishwa.
Anwani za IP za ndani na majina ya mwenyeji yalifunuliwa katika vichwa vya ujumbe wa awali.
The original message headers were modified for anonymity and now present randomized data:Generating server: server.example.comuser@example.com#550 5.1.1 RESOLVER.ADR.RecipNotFound; not found ##Original message headers:Received: from MAILSERVER01.domain.example.com (192.168.1.1) bymailserver02.domain.example.com (192.168.2.2) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS)id 14.3.174.1; Mon, 25 May 2015 14:52:22 -0700Received: from filter.example.com (203.0.113.1) byMAILSERVER01.domain.example.com (192.168.1.1) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS)id 14.3.174.1; Mon, 25 May 2015 14:51:22 -0700X-ASG-Debug-ID: 1432576343-0614671716190e0d0001-zOQ9WJReceived: from gateway.domainhost.com (gateway.domainhost.com [198.51.100.37]) byfilter.example.com with ESMTP id xVNPkwaqGgdyH5Ag for user@example.com; Mon,25 May 2015 14:52:13 -0700 (PDT)X-Envelope-From: sender@anotherdomain.orgX-Apparent-Source-IP: 198.51.100.37
Protocol_Name: DNS #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number: 53 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Domain Name Service #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for DNS
Note: |
#These are the commands I run every time I see an open DNS port
dnsrecon -r 127.0.0.0/24 -n {IP} -d {Domain_Name}
dnsrecon -r 127.0.1.0/24 -n {IP} -d {Domain_Name}
dnsrecon -r {Network}{CIDR} -n {IP} -d {Domain_Name}
dig axfr @{IP}
dig axfr {Domain_Name} @{IP}
nslookup
SERVER {IP}
127.0.0.1
{IP}
Domain_Name
exit
https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-dns
Entry_2:
Name: Banner Grab
Description: Grab DNS Banner
Command: dig version.bind CHAOS TXT @DNS
Entry_3:
Name: Nmap Vuln Scan
Description: Scan for Vulnerabilities with Nmap
Command: nmap -n --script "(default and *dns*) or fcrdns or dns-srv-enum or dns-random-txid or dns-random-srcport" {IP}
Entry_4:
Name: Zone Transfer
Description: Three attempts at forcing a zone transfer
Command: dig axfr @{IP} && dix axfr @{IP} {Domain_Name} && fierce --dns-servers {IP} --domain {Domain_Name}
Entry_5:
Name: Active Directory
Description: Eunuerate a DC via DNS
Command: dig -t _gc._{Domain_Name} && dig -t _ldap._{Domain_Name} && dig -t _kerberos._{Domain_Name} && dig -t _kpasswd._{Domain_Name} && nmap --script dns-srv-enum --script-args "dns-srv-enum.domain={Domain_Name}"
Entry_6:
Name: consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: DNS enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/dns/dns_amp; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 53; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/gather/enum_dns; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 53; run; exit'
Pata mtazamo wa hacker kuhusu programu zako za wavuti, mtandao, na wingu
Pata na ripoti kuhusu udhaifu muhimu, unaoweza kutumiwa kwa faida. Tumia zana zetu 20+ za kawaida kupanga uso wa shambulio, pata masuala ya usalama yanayokuruhusu kupandisha mamlaka, na tumia matumizi ya kiotomatiki kukusanya ushahidi muhimu, ukigeuza kazi yako ngumu kuwa ripoti za kushawishi.
