External Forest Domain - One-Way (Outbound)
Last updated
Last updated
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In this scenario your domain is trusting some privileges to principal from a different domains.
A security vulnerability exists when a trust relationship is established between two domains, identified here as domain A and domain B, where domain B extends its trust to domain A. In this setup, a special account is created in domain A for domain B, which plays a crucial role in the authentication process between the two domains. This account, associated with domain B, is utilized for encrypting tickets for accessing services across the domains.
The critical aspect to understand here is that the password and hash of this special account can be extracted from a Domain Controller in domain A using a command line tool. The command to perform this action is:
This extraction is possible because the account, identified with a $ after its name, is active and belongs to the "Domain Users" group of domain A, thereby inheriting permissions associated with this group. This allows individuals to authenticate against domain A using the credentials of this account.
Warning: It is feasible to leverage this situation to gain a foothold in domain A as a user, albeit with limited permissions. However, this access is sufficient to perform enumeration on domain A.
In a scenario where ext.local is the trusting domain and root.local is the trusted domain, a user account named EXT$ would be created within root.local. Through specific tools, it is possible to dump the Kerberos trust keys, revealing the credentials of EXT$ in root.local. The command to achieve this is:
Following this, one could use the extracted RC4 key to authenticate as root.local\EXT$ within root.local using another tool command:
This authentication step opens up the possibility to enumerate and even exploit services within root.local, such as performing a Kerberoast attack to extract service account credentials using:
In the previous flow it was used the trust hash instead of the clear text password (that was also dumped by mimikatz).
The cleartext password can be obtained by converting the [ CLEAR ] output from mimikatz from hexadecimal and removing null bytes ‘\x00’:
Sometimes when creating a trust relationship, a password must be typed in by the user for the trust. In this demonstration, the key is the original trust password and therefore human readable. As the key cycles (30 days), the cleartext will not be human-readable but technically still usable.
The cleartext password can be used to perform regular authentication as the trust account, an alternative to requesting a TGT using the Kerberos secret key of the trust account. Here, querying root.local from ext.local for members of Domain Admins:
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